diff --git a/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/dsnDownload.ts b/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/dsnDownload.ts
index 72c7b438..2ca23ea9 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/dsnDownload.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/dsnDownload.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ interface BaseMemory {
   [key: string]: unknown;
 }
 
-export async function download(cid: string): Promise<BaseMemory> {
+export const download = async (cid: string): Promise<BaseMemory> => {
   return withRetry(
     async () => {
       const api = createAutoDriveApi({
@@ -47,4 +47,4 @@ export async function download(cid: string): Promise<BaseMemory> {
       },
     },
   );
-}
+};
diff --git a/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/retry.ts b/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/retry.ts
index 545c1400..191fd481 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/retry.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/utils/dsn/retry.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '../../../../utils/logger.js';
 
 const logger = createLogger('retry-utility');
 
-export async function withRetry<T>(
+export const withRetry = async <T>(
   operation: () => Promise<T>,
   {
     maxRetries = 5,
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export async function withRetry<T>(
     operationName = 'Operation',
     shouldRetry = (_error: unknown): boolean => true,
   } = {},
-): Promise<T> {
+): Promise<T> => {
   const attempt = async (retriesLeft: number, currentDelay: number): Promise<T> => {
     try {
       return await operation();
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ export async function withRetry<T>(
   };
 
   return attempt(maxRetries, initialDelayMs);
-}
+};
diff --git a/src/cli/resurrect.ts b/src/cli/resurrect.ts
index 29500fb6..d6242cea 100644
--- a/src/cli/resurrect.ts
+++ b/src/cli/resurrect.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 import { join } from 'path';
 import { mkdirSync } from 'fs';
 import { createLogger } from '../utils/logger.js';
-import MemoryResurrector from '../utils/resurrection.js';
+import { downloadAllMemories } from '../utils/resurrection.js';
 
 const logger = createLogger('resurrect-cli');
 
-async function main() {
+const main = async () => {
   try {
     const outputDir = join(process.cwd(), 'memories');
     mkdirSync(outputDir, { recursive: true });
 
     logger.info('Starting memory resurrection...');
-    const resurrector = new MemoryResurrector(outputDir);
-    const result = await resurrector.downloadAllMemories();
+    const result = await downloadAllMemories(outputDir);
 
     logger.info(
       `Memory resurrection complete. Processed: ${result.processed}, Failed: ${result.failed}`,
@@ -22,6 +21,6 @@ async function main() {
     logger.error('Failed to resurrect memories:', error);
     process.exit(1);
   }
-}
+};
 
 main();
diff --git a/src/utils/resurrection.ts b/src/utils/resurrection.ts
index b8be1702..1ed2fef6 100644
--- a/src/utils/resurrection.ts
+++ b/src/utils/resurrection.ts
@@ -7,83 +7,95 @@ import { join } from 'path';
 const logger = createLogger('memory-resurrector');
 const STATE_FILE = join(process.cwd(), 'memories', 'last-processed-cid.json');
 
-class MemoryResurrector {
-  private failedCids: Set<string> = new Set();
-  private processedCount: number = 0;
-
-  constructor(private outputDir: string) {}
-
-  private getLastProcessedCid(): string | null {
-    try {
-      if (!existsSync(STATE_FILE)) {
-        return null;
-      }
-      const data = JSON.parse(readFileSync(STATE_FILE, 'utf-8'));
-      return data.lastProcessedCid;
-    } catch (error) {
-      logger.error('Failed to read last processed CID:', error);
+const getLastProcessedCid = (): string | null => {
+  try {
+    if (!existsSync(STATE_FILE)) {
       return null;
     }
+    const data = JSON.parse(readFileSync(STATE_FILE, 'utf-8'));
+    return data.lastProcessedCid;
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to read last processed CID:', error);
+    return null;
   }
-
-  private saveLastProcessedCid(cid: string): void {
-    try {
-      writeFileSync(STATE_FILE, JSON.stringify({ lastProcessedCid: cid }, null, 2));
-      logger.info(`Saved last processed CID: ${cid}`);
-    } catch (error) {
-      logger.error('Failed to save last processed CID:', error);
-    }
+};
+
+const saveLastProcessedCid = (cid: string): void => {
+  try {
+    writeFileSync(STATE_FILE, JSON.stringify({ lastProcessedCid: cid }, null, 2));
+    logger.info(`Saved last processed CID: ${cid}`);
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to save last processed CID:', error);
+  }
+};
+
+const fetchMemoryChain = async (
+  currentCid: string,
+  stopAtCid: string | null,
+  outputDir: string,
+  failedCids: Set<string> = new Set(),
+  processedCount = 0,
+): Promise<{ processedCount: number; failedCids: Set<string> }> => {
+  if (!currentCid || failedCids.has(currentCid) || currentCid === stopAtCid) {
+    return { processedCount, failedCids };
   }
 
-  private async fetchMemoryChain(currentCid: string, stopAtCid: string | null): Promise<void> {
-    if (!currentCid || this.failedCids.has(currentCid) || currentCid === stopAtCid) {
-      return;
+  try {
+    const content = await download(currentCid);
+    const filename = `${currentCid}.json`;
+    const filepath = join(outputDir, filename);
+    writeFileSync(filepath, JSON.stringify(content, null, 2));
+
+    processedCount++;
+    logger.info(`Successfully fetched and saved memory ${currentCid}`);
+
+    if (content.previousCid && content.previousCid !== stopAtCid) {
+      return fetchMemoryChain(
+        content.previousCid,
+        stopAtCid,
+        outputDir,
+        failedCids,
+        processedCount,
+      );
     }
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to fetch memory ${currentCid}:`, error);
+    failedCids.add(currentCid);
+  }
 
-    try {
-      const content = await download(currentCid);
-
-      const filename = `${currentCid}.json`;
-      const filepath = join(this.outputDir, filename);
-      writeFileSync(filepath, JSON.stringify(content, null, 2));
-
-      this.processedCount++;
-      logger.info(`Successfully fetched and saved memory ${currentCid}`);
+  return { processedCount, failedCids };
+};
 
-      if (content.previousCid && content.previousCid !== stopAtCid) {
-        await this.fetchMemoryChain(content.previousCid, stopAtCid);
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      logger.error(`Failed to fetch memory ${currentCid}:`, error);
-      this.failedCids.add(currentCid);
-    }
+const downloadAllMemories = async (
+  outputDir: string,
+): Promise<{ processed: number; failed: number }> => {
+  const latestCid = await getLastMemoryCid();
+  if (!latestCid) {
+    logger.info('No memories found (empty CID)');
+    return { processed: 0, failed: 0 };
   }
 
-  async downloadAllMemories(): Promise<{ processed: number; failed: number }> {
-    const latestCid = await getLastMemoryCid();
-    if (!latestCid) {
-      logger.info('No memories found (empty CID)');
-      return { processed: 0, failed: 0 };
-    }
-
-    const lastProcessedCid = this.getLastProcessedCid();
-    if (lastProcessedCid === latestCid) {
-      logger.info('Already up to date with latest CID');
-      return { processed: 0, failed: 0 };
-    }
+  const lastProcessedCid = getLastProcessedCid();
+  if (lastProcessedCid === latestCid) {
+    logger.info('Already up to date with latest CID');
+    return { processed: 0, failed: 0 };
+  }
 
-    logger.info(`Starting download from ${latestCid} to ${lastProcessedCid || 'genesis'}`);
-    await this.fetchMemoryChain(latestCid, lastProcessedCid);
+  logger.info(`Starting download from ${latestCid} to ${lastProcessedCid || 'genesis'}`);
+  const { processedCount, failedCids } = await fetchMemoryChain(
+    latestCid,
+    lastProcessedCid,
+    outputDir,
+  );
 
-    this.saveLastProcessedCid(latestCid);
+  saveLastProcessedCid(latestCid);
 
-    logger.info(`Downloaded ${this.processedCount} memories, failed CIDs: ${this.failedCids.size}`);
+  logger.info(`Downloaded ${processedCount} memories, failed CIDs: ${failedCids.size}`);
 
-    return {
-      processed: this.processedCount,
-      failed: this.failedCids.size,
-    };
-  }
-}
+  return {
+    processed: processedCount,
+    failed: failedCids.size,
+  };
+};
 
-export default MemoryResurrector;
+export { downloadAllMemories };