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在 Linode 上编译 hybla 模块 - 雪地
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<h1>在 Linode 上编译 hybla 模块</h1>
<div class="read-more clearfix">
<span class="date">2016/12/27 23:22 下午</span>
<span>posted in </span>
<span class="posted-in"><a href='OS.html'>OS</a></span>
<span class="comments">
</span>
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<div class="article-content">
<p>考试复习期间，不想复习，搞搞其他东西散散心，发现shadowsocks 有关于 TCP Fast Open 的更新，看说明的过程还发现了官方的速度优化指南，尝试优化自己的 ss 速度，然而报错。</p>
<p>执行到这一步时运行出错</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">sysctl --system
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="language-sh">...
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control": No such file or directory
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = hybla
* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...
</code></pre>
<span id="more"></span><!-- more -->
<p>Google 一番后发现是缺少 tcp_hybla 模块，需要自己手动编译。引用一下 <a href="https://plus.google.com/+BoluoKING/posts/dLyYhBf3mwp">https://plus.google.com/+BoluoKING/posts/dLyYhBf3mwp</a> 的科普</p>
<blockquote>
<p>中美之间的线路质量不是很好，rtt较长且时常丢包。TCP的设计目的是解决不可靠线路上可靠传输的问题，即为了解决丢包，但丢包却使TCP传输速度大幅下降。HTTP协议在传输层使用的是TCP协议，所以网页下载的速度就取决于TCP单线程下载的速度（因为网页就是单线程下载的）。丢包使得TCP传输速度大幅下降的主要原因是丢包重传机制，控制这一机制的就是TCP拥塞控制算法。<br/>
Linux内核中提供了若干套TCP拥塞控制算法，这些算法各自适用于不同的环境。</p>
<p>1）reno是最基本的拥塞控制算法，也是TCP协议的实验原型。<br/>
2）bic适用于rtt较高但丢包极为罕见的情况，比如北美和欧洲之间的线路，这是2.6.8到2.6.18之间的Linux内核的默认算法。<br/>
3）cubic是修改版的bic，适用环境比bic广泛一点，它是2.6.19之后的linux内核的默认算法。<br/>
4）hybla适用于高延时、高丢包率的网络，比如卫星链路——同样适用于中美之间的链路。<br/>
我们需要做的工作就是将TCP拥塞控制算法改为hybla算法，并且优化TCP参数。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>于是又开始找 hybla 模块的编译指南，参考了这两篇文章，并且修改了一下不太明确的地方，写个修改版的指南吧。</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://moonagic.com/linode-setup-hybla-htcp/">Linode编译hybla htcp模块</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.777s.me/linode-hybla-htcp.html">Linode编译hybla htcp拥塞控制算法模块</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="toc_0">编译过程</h2>
<h3 id="toc_1">查看自己 vps 内核版本：</h3>
<pre><code class="language-sh">$ uname -a
4.8.3-x86_64-linode76
</code></pre>
<h3 id="toc_2">下载对应版本的内核源码</h3>
<p>在这里下载 <a href="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/">https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/</a></p>
<p>我这里是 <code>4.8.3</code>，于是进入 <code>v4.x</code> 目录，向下翻即找到了，复制文件地址，在vps上 <code>wget</code> 下载下来</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir kernel
cd kernel
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.8.3.tar.gz
tar xzvf linux-4.8.3.tar.gz
</code></pre>
<p>注意修改对应的下载地址和文件名</p>
<h3 id="toc_3">安装内核编译和工具</h3>
<pre><code class="language-sh">apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev module-init-tools
</code></pre>
<h3 id="toc_4">配置内核编译文件</h3>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd linux-4.8.3
zcat /proc/config.gz > .config
</code></pre>
<p>然后用你喜欢的编辑器编辑 <code>.config</code> 文件，查找 <code>CONFIG_TCP_CONG_CUBIC=y</code>，在这一行下面增加一行</p>
<pre><code>CONFIG_TCP_CONG_HYBLA=y
</code></pre>
<p>然后编译</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">make
</code></pre>
<p>编译耗时约15~20分钟</p>
<h3 id="toc_5">准备编译模块</h3>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd net/ipv4/
mv Makefile Makefile.old
vi Makefile
</code></pre>
<p>以下是 <code>hybla</code> 所用的 Makefile</p>
<pre><code># Makefile for tcp_hybla.ko
obj-m := tcp_hybla.o
KDIR := /tmp/kernel/linux-4.8.3
PWD := $(shell pwd)
default:
$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules
</code></pre>
<p>注意上面<strong>第三行 <code>KDIR := /root/kernel/linux-3.11.6</code> 要修改成自己解压的目录</strong>，并且最后一行必须以 <strong><code>tab</code></strong> 开头，<strong>不可以用空格，不可以用空格</strong>。不懂Makefile的规则，我在这里踩了坑。</p>
<h3 id="toc_6">开始编译模块</h3>
<p>这里退回到 <code>linux-4.8.3</code> 目录，我是放在 <code>/tmp/kernel</code> 内的，后面目录相关的就不提示了</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd /tmp/kernel/linux-4.8.3
make modules
</code></pre>
<h3 id="toc_7">加载模块</h3>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cd /tmp/kernel/linux-4.8.3/net/ipv4
insmod ./tcp_hybla.ko
</code></pre>
<p>如果遇到command not found: insmod则需要手动安装</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">apt-get install module-init-tools
</code></pre>
<p>如果编译的时候如果出现如下错误</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">scripts/extract-cert.c:21:25: fatal error: openssl/bio.h: No such file or directory
</code></pre>
<p>需要源安装libssl-dev就可以了</p>
<h2 id="toc_8">后记</h2>
<p>至此就装好了hybla 模块，后面继续按照 <a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks/wiki/Optimizing-Shadowsocks">优化指南</a> 优化去了</p>
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