A-CDM & Flow Management System

[RudiZhang]

与A-CDM系统联动的流控系统，访问权限可以和ATC Center同步，有TMU权限的人可以访问

[xfoxfu]

Chat history on 10/10: Discord (internal)

[xfoxfu]

[RudiZhang]

TOBT拟定三种方式：

• 默认：管制员点下CLRD的时间+15分钟
• 飞行员自己提交TOBT
• 飞行员语音/文字报告TOBT

注意：

• 考虑断线重连的问题，只采用第一次CLRD作为时间计算，不知道是否可行 @xfoxfu
• 管制员、飞行员可以随时更改TOBT，但只能延后，不能提前。
• 由机组申请，管制员可以在有窗口提示的情况下，提前TOBT。

[RudiZhang]

TSAT的时间：

• 受航路最大流量间隔影响
• 受机场最大离港间隔影响
• 受单一跑道最大离港间隔影响
• 受离港点最大通过流量间隔影响
• 受FMP特定给出的间隔影响
• 暂不考虑巡航高度/速度的要求

最终TSAT取上述最大值，TSAT窗口期改为-5 +10

注意：如果有slot，那slot=CTOT=TTOT，通过滑行时间反推TSAT，没有slot再按上述规则计算。

[RudiZhang]

FMP可以给出的限制：

• 单一机场最大离港间隔
• 特定两个机场之间的最大离港间隔
• 指定某个点的最大离港间隔
• 指定某条航路的最大间隔

[xfoxfu]

Design Doc

# A-CDM Design Doc

This document is intended for flight simulation only. This document does not, nor is intended to simulate, reflect nor resemble any existing systems in the real world. The users should take their own risk in understanding and acknowledging the document.

Participants

• Pilot
• Controller
• A-CDM system

Flight Phases

Scheduled

All flights with (1) a submitted flight plan, (2) is within 20nm of the planned departure airport and (3) is within 250ft AGL of the planned departure airport, should be put in this phase upon discovery.

The pilot is expected to (1) do their flight preparations, (2) submit a TOBT (Target off-block time) as soon as possible on A-CDM website and (3) request for clearance delivery after submitting a TOBT.

• If the pilot requests for clearance delivery without submitting a TOBT, a per-airport defined default off-block interval is assigned. The TOBT is current time plus the inverval.

The controller is expected to (1) acknowledge the scheduled flight and do relevant preparations and (2) respond to clearance request and assign a valid physical runway to the flight.

• A physical runway is a concrete physical structure of the runway. For example, ZBAA has 3 physical runways. If an airport has a single physical runway, it is automatically considered as assigned to the flight.

The A-CDM system is expected to (1) track the flight, the flight plan and the submitted TOBT for further usage and (2) calculate the departure gate from realtime network data.

• The departure gate is calculated if it is within 50 metres of any pre-defined gate of the departure airport. If nothing matches, the departure gate is considered invalid and requires manual interaction of the controller.

Diversion from real-world:

TOBT is submitted by pilot instead of the airport; Time of concrete ground service is not tracked.

• The simulation does not possess any control over the ground services of the flight.

De-icing is not considered.

• For further design.

缩写	含义	说明
SOBT	计划撤轮档时刻	计划撤轮档时刻（来自于飞行计划）
EOBT	预计撤轮档时刻	预计撤轮档时刻（来自于飞行员提交，和TOBT一致）
TOBT	目标撤轮档时刻	航空器将要准备好，所有舱门关闭，撤廊桥完成，推车就位， 收到许可后可立刻推出/开车的时刻。（来自于飞行员提交）
COBT	计算撤轮档时间	等于CTOT-EXOT（来自于A-CDM系统计算）
AOBT	实际撤轮档时刻	航空器从机位推出的时刻~~（来自于A-CDM场面监视子系统回报）~~
ARDT	实际准备好（推开）时刻	航空器准备好推出开车或在获取放行许可后立刻可以滑出的时刻， 满足所有舱门关闭，撤廊桥完成，推车就位，收到许可后可立刻推出/开车的时刻~~（来自飞行员自愿提交）~~

Pre-departure

The flight are moved from Scheduled to this phase as (1) the pilot requests for clearance delivery (2) the controller assigns a valid runway to the flight.

The pilot is expected to (1) complete their ground services based on the COBT (Calculated off-block time) published (2) request for pushback and start-up clearance within the TSAT (Target start approval time) window (TSAT -10/+5 min).

Diversion from real-world

The pilot does not receive a new TOBT. Instead, they calculate their new TOBT on their own based on the TSAT provided.

• The pilot has full control over the ground services.

The controller is expected to (1) confirm the TTOT (Target take-off time) computed by A-CDM system to become CTOT (Calculated take-off time) and (2) issue pushback and start-up clearance within the TSAT window.

• If the TTOT is not confirmed within a minute of notifying TTOT, it is automatically confirmed to be CTOT.
• If the pilot misses the TSAT window, the controller should manually assign a new TTOT or let A-CDM system assign a earliest possible TTOT (by requeueing the aircraft into the departure queue). The controller-assigned TTOT could be earlier in order to avoid requeueing the aircraft and let the pilot wait for a long time.

The A-CDM system is expected to calculate the ETOT, CTOT and TSAT as soon as the flight moves to the current phase within 15 seconds.

• EXOT (Estimated taxi-out time): The time estimated to taxi from the gate to the runway threshold. The time is pre-defined per airport, runway and gate.
• ETOT (Estimated take-off time): The earliest possible time of taking off based on TOBT and EXOT. (TOBT + EXOT)
• TTOT (Target take-off time): The earliest possible time of taking off later than ETOT with taking traffic control measures into consideration.
• CTOT (Calculated take-off time): The TTOT confirmed by the controller.
• COBT: The most fitted time of off-block based on CTOT and EXOT. (CTOT - EXOT)
• TSAT: The most fitted time of pushback and start-up based on CTOT and EXOT. (CTOT - EXOT)

The A-CDM system is expected to record the ASAT (Actual start approval time) based on the telemetry from the radar client.

• The ASAT time is recorded as soon as the pilot's position changes by greater than 5 metres.

缩写	含义	说明
TSAT	目标许可开车时刻	管制员根据交通状况， 考虑了TOBT、CTOT后给出的航空器预计许可开车时刻（来自于A-CDM系统计算）
ASRT	实际申请开车时刻	飞行员申请开车时刻~~（来自于飞行员自愿提交）~~
ASAT	实际许可开车时刻	航空器收到开车许可的时刻（来自于管制客户端回报）
EXOT	预计出港滑行时间	预计从撤轮档到起飞的滑行时间。 该预计时间应考虑跑道头等待或起飞前除冰时间（来自于运行部门预设）
AXOT	实际滑出时间	等于ATOT-AOBT（来自于A-CDM场面监视子系统回报）

Departure Taxi

The flights are moved from Pre-departure to this phase as the pilot receives the pushback and start-up approval.

• This is calculated by either (1) the controller client reports SA or (2) the flight is out of the 50 metre range of the original gate.

The pilot is expected to taxi from the gate to the runway threshould / holding point targeting at the CTOT.

The controller is expected to give a take-off clearance based on the CTOT window (CTOT -/+ 5 min).

The A-CDM system is expected to record the ATOT (Actual take-off time) based on realtime network data or the telemetry from the radar client.

• The ATOT time is recorded as soon as the pilot's altitude passes 500ft AGL.

缩写	含义	说明
ETD	计划起飞时刻	（来自于飞行计划）
ETOT	预计起飞时刻	等于EOBT+EXOT（来自于A-CDM系统计算）
TTOT	目标起飞时刻	目标起飞时刻都考虑了TOBT/TSAT+EXOT。 每个航班的TTOT都应满足同一跑道的尾流间隔及起降间隔要求。 （来自于A-CDM系统计算）
CTOT	计算起飞时刻	空管部门计算并发布离地时刻（来自于管制客户端确认）
ATOT	实际起飞时刻	航空器从跑道起飞的时刻（来自于A-CDM雷达子系统回报）

Cruise

The flights are moved from Departure Taxi to this phase as the flight is airborne.

• This is calculated as the aircraft passes 500ft AGL.

The pilot is expected to check the latest assigned gate.

The controller is expected to check the latest assigned gate.

The A-CDM system is expected to (1) calculate and update the ETO (Estimated time of overfly) and ELDT (Estimated landing time) based on real-time network data (2) record the ALDT (Actual landing time) based on realtime network data or the telemetry from the radar client (3) calculate and update the target gate based on realtime network data and (4) calculate the landing runway based on realtime network data.

• The gate is calculated prior 30 minutes to ELDT, and updated every 5 minutes if the gate is no longer available.
• The ALDT is recorded as soon as the aircraft is below 500ft AGL.

缩写	含义	说明
ETO	预计飞越时刻	（来自于A-CDM系统计算）
ELDT	预计着陆时刻	航空器预计接地的时刻（来自于A-CDM系统计算）
TLDT	目标着陆时刻	由进场管理程序根据跑道序列及约束条件生成的过跑道入口目标时刻， 该时刻并不是一个硬性要求，而是经过优化的着陆时刻，用以完成起降航班的协同。 每个航班的TLDT都应满足同一跑道的尾流间隔及起降间隔要求。 （来自于A-CDM系统计算）
ALDT	实际着陆时刻	航空器着陆在跑道上的时刻（来自于A-CDM雷达子系统回报）

Arrival Taxi

The flights are moved from Cruise to this phase as the flight is landed.

• This is calculated as the aircraft below 500ft AGL.

The A-CDM system is responsible for (1) calculating the EXIT (Estimated taxi-in time) based on the airport, runway and gate (2) calcuate EIBT (Estimated in-block time) based on ALDT + EXIT and (3) record the relevant times.

• The AIBT is recorded as soon as the aircraft is within 50 metres of the target gate and has ground speed lower than 5kts.

缩写	含义	说明
EXIT	预计进港滑行时间	预计从着陆到上轮档的时间（来自于运行部门预设）
AXIT	实际滑入时间	等于AIBT-ALDT（来自于A-CDM系统计算）
SIBT	计划上轮档时刻	航空器计划进入（首次分配的）机位的时刻（来自于飞行计划）
EIBT	预计上轮档时刻	航空器预计上轮档时刻（来自于A-CDM系统计算）
AIBT	实际上轮档时刻	航空器到机位上好轮档的时刻（来自于A-CDM系统场面监视子系统回报）

Finalization

The flights are moved from Arrival Taxi to this phase as the pilot reports in-block.

• This is calculated as the flight is (1) within 50 metres range of any valid gate of the destination airport, and (2) below 500ft AGL of the destination airport.

References

• 我们来说说CDM和A-CDM - 知乎
• 机场协同决策（A-CDM） - 知乎
• CDM以及ACDM相关的时间、时刻专有词汇说明_aobt-CSDN博客

修改建议 from Rudi

• 取消对TTOT的确认
• 塔台可以在推出开车前修改CTOT
• 塔台可以临时覆盖默认配置起飞间隔
• 后续评估VTT配置方法

TSAT优先级：

• Booking系统的Slot
• 网页提交TOBT的
• 管制员手动分配的
• 没有提交 CLRD之后自动分配的