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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/02/03/Python%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%AF%87001/">Python编程基础篇001</a>
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<a href="/2024/02/03/Python%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%AF%87001/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2024-02-02T16:06:59.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2024-02-03</time>
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<h1><center>Python编程基础篇</center></h1>
<blockquote>
<p> ✨ 在pyhton中，经常会用到input()语句，但是input()语句输入的内容只能时字符串类型，而我们经常要输入int类型的数据等，那么就需要用到int()方法给输入的内容强制转换为int类型，但是如果输入的不是数字，而是字母、标点等，这样就会报错，所以我们就要判断一下，输入的内容输入的内容是否为我们的期望类型。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="一、判断input-输入的数据的类型">一、判断input()输入的数据的类型</h2>
<p>str.isdigit()为True表示输入的所有字符都是数字（小数会返回False）<br>
str.isalnum()为True表示输入的所有字符都是数字或者字母<br>
str.isalpha()为True表示输入的所有字符都是字母<br>
str.isdigit()为True表示输入的所有字符都是数字<br>
str.islower()为True表示输入的所有字符都是小写<br>
str.isupper()为True表示输入的所有字符都是大写<br>
str.istitle()为True表示输入的所有单词都是首字母大写，像标题<br>
str.isspace()为True表示输入的所有字符都是空白字符、\t、\n、\r</p>
<h2 id="二、基础编程训练">二、基础编程训练</h2>
<table><tr><td bgcolor=#000000><font color="white">需求分析</font></td></tr></table>
<p><font color="#fc5531">▚ 需求 ：用Python实现输入三个整数，并判断其最大值。</font></p>
<table><tr><td bgcolor=#000000><font color="white">实现效果</font></td></tr></table>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/XZ6606/image-bed/raw/master/img/image-20240426234435273.png" alt="image-20240426234435273"></p>
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<article id="post-Ubantu搭建内网仓库" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/02/01/Ubantu%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E5%86%85%E7%BD%91%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93/">Ubantu搭建内网仓库</a>
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<h1><center>Ubantu搭建内网仓库</center></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>✨ Ubuntu基于Debian发行版和GNOME桌面环境，与Debian的不同在于它每6个月会发布一个新版本。Ubuntu的目标在于为一般用户提供一个最新的、同时又相当稳定的主要由自由软件构建而成的操作系统。<br>
🎉 Shell 是一个程序，提供一个与用户对话的环境。这个环境只有一个命令提示符，让用户从键盘输入命令，所以又称为命令行环境（command line interface，简写为 CLI）。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="font-color-red-▚-u-Step-01-u-：搭建本地源仓库-font"><font color=red>▚ <u>Step 01</u> ：搭建本地源仓库</font></h2>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">apt clean </span><br><span class="line">apt -y install -d nginx 举例</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># /var/cache/apt/archives # deb包的位置</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mkdir</span> /root/ceshi</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">mv</span> /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /root/ceshi</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">apt -y install dpkg-dev (生成源所需工具)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /root/ceshi</span><br><span class="line">apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages <span class="comment"># 安装包信息都读取到 Packages</span></span><br><span class="line">apt-ftparchive release . > Release</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># dpkg-scanpackages ./packages | gzip -9c > Packages.gz</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># gpg --clearsign -o InRelease Release # 生成 Release 的明文签名文件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># gpg -ab -o Release.gpg Release # 生成 Release 的文本分离签名文件</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/XZ6606/image-bed/raw/master/img/image-20240221115118994.png" alt="image-20240221115118994"></p>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/02/01/Dockerfile%E5%88%B6%E4%BD%9C%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F/">Dockerfile制作镜像</a>
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<h1><center>Dockerfile制作镜像</center></h1>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/XZ6606/image-bed/raw/master/img/docker-architecture.webp" alt="Docker Architecture diagram"></p>
<h2 id="一、Dockerfile常用指令">一、Dockerfile常用指令</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>指令</th>
<th>释义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>FROM</td>
<td>指定基础镜像，必须放在首行。(注意，scratch是保留字，并不是镜像！如果使用了该关键字表示不依赖于任何镜像) && 调用基础镜像触发器（ONBUILD）。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ONBUILD</td>
<td>基础镜像触发器。当镜像用作另一个构建的基础时触发。后面可以跟其他的镜像指令运行，所以当我们基于他人镜像构建新镜像时为安全考虑应当特别注意基础镜像是否有不安全的ONBUILD指令。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MAINTAINER</td>
<td>管理者（维护者）标识，用于声明作者的信息。（<mark>已弃用</mark>）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LABEL</td>
<td>为镜像打标签。基于KEY=VALUE方式打标签。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>USER</td>
<td>指定容器的运行用户，若不指定，默认为root用户，一些服务可能会用到，比如ES服务…</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RUN</td>
<td>在容器中运行指令。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WORKDIR</td>
<td>指定容器的工作目录，当用户连接到容器时，就默认在该目录，若不指定，则默认在"/"路径。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>VOLUME</td>
<td>对容器的指定路径生成随机存储卷。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>COPY</td>
<td>将宿主机的文件拷贝到容器中。如果容器目录不存在，则会自动创建。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ADD</td>
<td>与COPY作用不同的是，它可以自动解压tar包文件并删除源文件。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ENV</td>
<td>将变量传递给容器，容器运行时会有该变量。在容器启动或创建时可以使用-e,–env选项替换默认值。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ARG</td>
<td>在编译阶段生效的变量。容器运行时不会存在该变量！在编译的时候可以使用"–build-arg"选项替换默认值。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EXPOSE</td>
<td>暴露容器内端口，外部使用随机端口映射时，可以暴露此处定义的服务端口，通常建议暴露的端口和服务有关。用户启动容器时使用"-P"时会为容器暴露的端口自动做映射</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CMD</td>
<td>容器启动时执行的指令，我们在制作容器时，通常会在此处阻塞终端。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ENTRYPOINT</td>
<td>同CMD，容器启动时执行的指令，但是此处可传入参数，启动指令可能因参数产生变化。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HEALTHCHECK</td>
<td>容器健康检查。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SHELL</td>
<td>调用系统命令的shell。这对Windows很有用，Linux无需使用，默认就是linux的shell。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="warning">
<p> <strong>相似指令区分</strong><br>
1️⃣ <strong>COPY和ADD：</strong> COPY用于将宿主机文件拷贝至容器，或者在多阶段构建时用于将上一构建阶段的文件拷贝至本阶段构建。ADD指令同样可用于拷贝文件，但是该指令可以自动解压tar包，并删除源文件。</p>
<p> 2️⃣ <strong>ARG和ENV：</strong> ARG指令和ENV指令的作用域不同，ARG指令指定的便令仅在镜像构建时起作用，镜像构建完成生命周期即结束。ENV指令将环境变量 <code><key></code> 设置为值 <code><value></code>将在构建阶段的所有后续指令的环境中，并且也可以在许多指令中内联替换。</p>
<p> 3️⃣ <strong>CMD和ENTRYPOINT：</strong> CMD指令设置从镜像运行容器时固定要执行的命令。Dockerfile中只能有一条 <code>CMD</code> 指令。如果您列出多个 <code>CMD</code> ，则只有最后一个生效。如果用户为 <code>docker run</code> 指定参数，那么他们将覆盖 <code>CMD</code> 中指定的默认值。ENTRYPOINT指令设置从镜像运行容器时要执行的命令，但用户可以为该指令传递参数，若CMD指令和ENTRYPOINT指令同时使用则CMD指令将作为ENTRYPOINT指令的参数传递。</p>
</div>
<h2 id="二、Dockerfile制作镜像">二、Dockerfile制作镜像</h2>
<p>1️⃣ 创建Dockerfile文件。 根据个人习惯而言，一般为了文件的可读性，我们需要先创建一个空目录，并在目录下创建Dockerfile文件，（约定俗成我们一般就以Dockerfile为名，编译时也会自动寻找这个文件，也可自定义文件名，但是我们在编译文件时需用 <code>-f</code> 指定需编译文件的绝对路径，自定义文件名语义混乱容易导致文件错落，不建议！）</p>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/01/29/Git%E5%8F%8Agitlab%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0/">Git及gitlab使用简述</a>
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<h1><center>Git及gitlab使用简述</center></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>🎄 官网介绍：Git是一个自由和开源的分布式版本控制系统，旨在快速和高效地处理从小型到大型的所有项目。Git简单易学，占用空间小，性能快如闪电。它比Subversion、CVS、Perforce和ClearCase等SCM工具更有优势，具有廉价的本地分支、方便的登台区和多个工作流等特性。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="font-color-red-▚-u-01-u-简述：Git的使用要点-font"><font color=red>▚ <u>01</u> 简述：Git的使用要点</font></h2>
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<p>一般linux系统会自带由git工具，如果没有需自行下载安装，<code>yum -y install git</code></p>
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<font color="#fc5531">▚ 需求 ：写一个脚本实现批量免密钥分发。</font>
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<font color="#fc5531">▚ 需求 ：写一个脚本反向破解由随机数生成的MD5值。</font>
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<h1><center>Shell编程基础知识补充</center></h1>
<h2 id="font-color-red-▚-u-01-u-补充：普通数组和关联数组-font"><font color=red>▚ <u>01</u> 补充：普通数组和关联数组</font></h2>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 普通数组示例</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#a=(a b c d)</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${a[*]}</span></span><br><span class="line">a b c d</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${a[@]}</span></span><br><span class="line">a b c d</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${!a[@]}</span></span><br><span class="line">0 1 2 3</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${!a[*]}</span></span><br><span class="line">0 1 2 3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 关联数组示例</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#unset a</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#declare -A a</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#a[a]=1</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#a[b]=2</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#a[c]=3</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${a[*]}</span></span><br><span class="line">1 2 3</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${a[@]}</span></span><br><span class="line">1 2 3</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${!a[@]}</span></span><br><span class="line">a b c</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${!a[*]}</span></span><br><span class="line">a b c</span><br><span class="line">-----------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#unset a</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#declare -A a</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#a=([nanxi]="i" [love]="love" [you]="you")</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${a[*]}</span></span><br><span class="line">you love i</span><br><span class="line">[root@ceshi ~]<span class="comment">#echo ${!a[*]}</span></span><br><span class="line">you love nanxi</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="warning">
<p>shell中的普通数组和C的一维数组一样，但是关联数组有所不同，关联数组可以用任意的文本作为数组索引，而普通数组中的索引都是整数，且关联数组使用之前需要声明：<code>declare -A ass_array</code></p>
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