Oracle Linux 7 это выпущенный релиз, но Oracle Database 12c поддерживается на нем только с версии (12.1.0.2) и выше. Эта установка не должна быть исползована на реальных системах использующих 12с базу данных версии до 12.1.0.2.
Эта статья описывает установку Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1) 64-битной версии на Oracle Linux 7 (OL7) 64-бит. Эта статья основана на серверной установке с минимум 2Гб файла подкачки и seLinux в режиме permissive.
Загрузите ПО Oracle с OTN или MOS в зависимости от статуса вашей поддержки.
Раззипуйте файлы.
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zipТеперь у вас должна быть одна директория названная "database" содержащая инсталляционные файлы.
Файл /etc/hosts должен содержать полное имя сервера.
<IP-address> <fully-qualified-machine-name> <machine-name>127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.0.215 ol7.localdomain ol7Установите корректное имя сервера в файле /etc/hostname.
ol7.localdomainВыполните Автоматическую устновку или Ручную установку для завершения основных предустановочных шагов. Дополнительная установка нужна для всех установок.
If you plan to use the "oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall" package to perform all your prerequisite setup, issue the following command.
# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall -y|
Note
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Earlier versions of Oracle Linux required manual setup of the Yum repository by following the instructions at http://public-yum.oracle.com. |
It is probably worth doing a full update as well, but this is not strictly speaking necessary.
# yum update -y|
Note
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It’s worth running the all the YUM commands listed in the manual setup section. Depending on the OS package groups you have selected, some additional packages might also be needed. |
If you have not used the "oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall" package to perform all prerequisites, you will need to manually perform the following setup tasks.
Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file, or in a file called "/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf".
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters.
/sbin/sysctl -pAdd the following lines to a file called "/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf" file.
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728The following packages are listed as required, including the 32-bit version of some of the packages. Many of the packages should be installed already.
yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install gcc -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libXext -y
yum install libXext.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel.i686 -yCreate the new groups and users.
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
#groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
#groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
#groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
#groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
#groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
#groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracleUncomment the extra groups you require.
The following steps must be performed, whether you did the manual or automatic setup.
Set the password for the "oracle" user.
passwd oracleSet secure Linux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.
SELINUX=permissiveOnce the change is complete, restart the server or run the following command.
# setenforce PermissiveIf you have the Linux firewall enabled, you will need to disable or configure it, as shown here or here. To disable it, do the following.
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalldCreate the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01|
Note
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Putting mount points directly under root is typically a bad idea. It’s done here for simplicity, but for a real installation "/" should be reserved for the OS. |
Unless you are working from the console, or using SSH tunnelling, login as root and issue the following command.
xhost +<machine-name>Add the following lines at the end of the "/home/oracle/.bash_profile" file.
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol7.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibLog into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.
DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAYStart the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory.
./runInstallerProceed with the installation of your choice.
|
Note
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If you are doing an installation for an Enterprise Manager repository, remember to do an advanced installation and pick the ALT32UTF8 character set. |
Check out the notes below for how to deal with potential errors that may arise during the installation.
You can see the type of installation I performed by clicking on the links below to see screen shots of each stage.
Edit the "/etc/oratab" file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.
cdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1:YOnly follow these notes if you are attempting the install using 12.1.0.1, there are a number of things that will need to be fixed along the way. These are not necessary for a 12.1.0.2 installation, as it completes cleanly.
The following steps need to be considered during the installation.
-
When clicking "Next" on the "Download Software Updates" screen you will get the following message. Click the "Yes" button.
"[INS-13001] Environment does not meet minimum requirements. Are you sure you want to continue? -
During the linking phase, you will see the following error.
Error in invoking target 'links proc gen_pcscfg procob' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.1/db_1/precomp/lib/ins_precomp.mk'. See '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2014-04-26_08-07-04PM.log' for details.To fix it, do the following:
rm -rf $ORACLE_HOME/lib/stubs/* cp $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk.orig
Perform the following modifications to the "$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk" file.
# Line 176 # FROM: LINKTTLIBS=$(LLIBCLNTSH) $(ORACLETTLIBS) $(LINKLDLIBS) # TO : LINKTTLIBS=$(LLIBCLNTSH) $(ORACLETTLIBS) $(LINKLDLIBS) -lons # Line 279-280 # FROM: LINK=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS) $(COMPSOBJS) LINK32=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS32) $(COMPSOBJS) # TO : LINK=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS) $(COMPSOBJS) -Wl,--no-as-needed LINK32=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS32) $(COMPSOBJS) -Wl,--no-as-needed # Line 3041-3042 # FROM: TG4PWD_LINKLINE= $(LINK) $(OPT) $(TG4PWDMAI) \ $(LLIBTHREAD) $(LLIBCLNTSH) $(LINKLDLIBS) # TO : TG4PWD_LINKLINE= $(LINK) $(OPT) $(TG4PWDMAI) \ $(LLIBTHREAD) $(LLIBCLNTSH) $(LINKLDLIBS) -lnnz12
Click the "Retry" button.
-
Later, you might see the following error.
Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.1/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk'. See '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2014-04-26_08-07-04PM.log' for details.To fix it, do the following:
rm -rf $ORACLE_HOME/lib/stubs/* cp $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/env_ctx.mk $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/env_ctx.mk.orig
Perform the following modifications to the "$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib/env_ctx.mk" file.
# Line 154 # FROM: LINK=$(LDCCOM) # TO : LINK=$(LDCCOM) --Wl,--no-as-needed
Click the "Retry" button.
Due to the issues during the linking phase, it probably makes sense to do a relink once the installation is complete.
dbshut $ORACLE_HOME
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./relink all
# Following line should return no errors.
grep -i err $ORACLE_HOME/install/relink.log
dbstart $ORACLE_HOMEDuring the linking phase, you may see the following error.
Error in invoking target 'irman ioracle' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'To fix it, run the following command as the "oracle" user, then click the "Retry" button.
cp $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/jdk/jdk6/lib/libjavavm12.a $ORACLE_HOME/lib/During the database creation as part of the installation, or after when using the DBCA, you may get the following error.
Error while executing "/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/rdbms/admin/dbmssml.sql". Refer to "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/dbmssml0.log" for more details. Error in Process: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/perl/bin/perlTo fix it, follow the instructions to rebuild Perl as described towards the end of this post by Laurent Leturgez. You will have to redo the database creation.
For more information see:
Hope this helps. Regards Tim…