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core.ttl
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@prefix : <http://mmoon.org/core/> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix gold: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix lexvo: <http://lexvo.org/ontology#> .
@prefix ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#> .
@base <http://mmoon.org/core/> .
<http://mmoon.org/core/> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
owl:versionIRI <http://mmoon.org/core/v1.0.0/> ;
dc:description """The Multilingual Morpheme Ontology (MMoOn) is an ontological model that contains the vocabulary needed to describe the morphological elements, meanings and representations of natural languages.
This is the reference ontology from which various language specific MMoOn Inventories can be derived."""@en ;
dc:creator <http://aksw.org/BettinaKlimek.rdf> ;
dc:identifier "http://mmoon.org/mmoon/core/v1.0.0/"^^xsd:anyURI ;
dc:title "The Multilingual Morpheme Ontology"@en ;
owl:versionInfo "Version 1.0, 2016. Created and maintained by Bettina Klimek."@en ;
dct:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
rdfs:label "Multilingual Morpheme Ontology"@en .
:definition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
:definition "A definition for MMoOn vocabulary item (classes, properties, also possibly individuals)."@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ,
skos:definition .
:example rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
:externalDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
:definition """A reference to a (typically alternative) definition for MMoOn vocabulary items.
Solely to be used to refer to Web Resources identified by their URI/IRI (which ideally should be Linked Data)."""@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ;
rdfs:range rdfs:Resource .
:externalDefinitionDesc rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
:definition """A reference to an (typically alternative) definition for MMoOn vocabulary items.
To be used when no URI/IRI can be provided as
reference point or when additional textual information has to be provided for an URI/IRI reference to be sufficiently specific."""@en ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ;
rdfs:range rdf:langString .
:usageNote rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .
:associatedToLanguage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range :Language ;
:definition "States that a morpheme inventory, morph or word is associated to a specific langauge."@en ;
rdfs:label "associated to language"@en .
:attachedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Affix ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Root
:Stem
)
] ;
:definition "States that an affix is attached to some stem or root."@en ;
rdfs:label "attached to"@en .
:attachedToRoot rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :attachedTo ;
rdfs:domain :Affix ;
rdfs:range :Root ;
:definition "States that an affix is attached to some root."@en ;
rdfs:label "attached to root"@en .
:attachedToStem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :attachedTo ;
rdfs:domain :Affix ;
rdfs:range :Stem ;
:definition "States that an affix is attached to some stem."@en ;
rdfs:label "attached to stem"@en .
:belongsTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf :consistsOfMorph ;
rdfs:domain :Morph ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Root
:Stem
:Word
)
] ;
:definition "States that a morph belongs to some word, stem or root."@en ;
rdfs:label "belongs to"@en .
:belongsToLexicalEntry rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf :hasWordform ;
rdfs:domain :Wordform ;
rdfs:range :LexicalEntry ;
:definition "States that a word-form resource belongs to a lexical entry resource."@en ;
rdfs:label "belongs to lexical entry"@en .
:compoundingRelation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMorphologicalRelationship ;
rdfs:domain :CompoundWord ;
rdfs:range :Compounding ;
:definition "States which kind of compounding relationship applies to a compound word."@en ;
rdfs:label "compounding relation"@en .
:consistsOfAffix rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :consistsOfMorph ;
rdfs:range :Affix ;
:definition "States that a word, stem or root consists of some affix."@en ;
rdfs:label "consists of affix"@en .
:consistsOfMorph rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Root
:Stem
:Word
)
] ;
rdfs:range :Morph ;
:definition "States that a word, stem or root consists of some morph."@en ;
rdfs:label "consists of morph"@en .
:consistsOfRoot rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :consistsOfMorph ;
rdfs:range :Root ;
:definition "States that a word, stem or root consists of some root."@en ;
rdfs:label "consists of root"@en .
:consistsOfStem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :consistsOfMorph ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Stem
:Word
)
] ;
rdfs:range :Stem ;
:definition "States that a word or stem consists of some stem."@en ;
rdfs:label "consists of stem"@en .
:consistsOfWord rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :AnalyticWordform
:CompoundWord
)
] ;
rdfs:range :Word ;
:definition "States that an analytic word-form (such as \"more big\" being the comparative form of the adjective \"big\") or compound word consists of other word resources."@en ;
rdfs:label "consists of word"@en .
:contextualInflectionalMeaning rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :inflectionalMeaning ;
rdfs:range :LinguisticCategory ;
:definition """States that the meaning \"comprises values (of linguistic categories) which are assigned [...] because of the syntactic context in which it (the word or morph) appears\".
[Haspelmath and Sims: Understanding morphology. 2002:100]"""@en ;
:example "\"klein-e Frau\" 'small-NOM.SG.F woman.NOM.SG.F' - contextual inflection (noun agreement marking)"@de ;
rdfs:label "contextual inflectional meaning"@en .
:correspondsToMorpheme rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf :hasRealization ;
rdfs:domain :Morph ;
rdfs:range :Morpheme ;
:definition "States that a morph corresponds to a morpheme."@en ;
rdfs:label "corresponds to morpheme"@en .
:derivationalMeaning rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning ;
rdfs:range :DerivationalMeaning ;
:definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some derivational meaning."@en ;
rdfs:label "derivational meaning"@en .
:derivationalRelation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMorphologicalRelationship ;
rdfs:domain :DerivedWord ;
rdfs:range :Derivation ;
:definition "States which kind of derivational relationship applies to a derived word."@en ;
:usageNote "This property is also used to state that a simple lexeme which cannot be further segmented with respect to word-formation has the morphological relationship mmoon:NoWordFormation."@en ;
rdfs:label "derivational relation"@en .
:forLanguage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :associatedToLanguage ;
rdfs:domain :MorphemeInventory ;
:definition "States that a MMoOn morpheme inventory is specified for a certain language."@en ;
rdfs:label "for language"@en .
:grammaticalMeaning rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :LinguisticCategory
:WordclassAffiliation
)
] ;
:definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some grammatical meaning."@en ;
rdfs:label "grammatical meaning"@en .
:hasAbstractIdentity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Meaning
:Morpheme
)
] ;
rdfs:range :MorphemicGloss ;
:definition "States that a morpheme or meaning resource is assigned to one (ore more) morphemic gloss(es)."@en ;
rdfs:label "has abstract identity"@en .
:hasMeaning rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Morph
:Morpheme
:Word
)
] ;
rdfs:range :Meaning ;
:definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some meaning."@en ;
rdfs:label "has meaning"@en .
:hasMorphemicEntry rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :MorphemeInventory ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Morph
:Morpheme
)
] ;
:definition "States that a morpheme inventory resource has morphemes as morphemic entries, thus building the intension of the morpheme inventory."@en ;
rdfs:label "has morphemic entry"@en .
:hasMorphologicalRelationship rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Word ;
rdfs:range :MorphologicalRelationship ;
:definition "Specifies the morphological relationship of a word."@en ;
rdfs:label "has morphological relationship"@en .
:hasRealization rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Morpheme ;
rdfs:range :Morph ;
:definition "States that a morpheme is realized by a morph."@en ;
rdfs:label "has realization"@en .
:hasRepresentation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Morph
:Word
)
] ;
rdfs:range :Representation ;
:definition "States that a word or morph has some linguistic representation."@en ;
rdfs:label "has representation"@en .
:hasSense rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning ;
rdfs:range :Sense ;
:definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some sense."@en ;
rdfs:label "has sense"@en .
:hasWordclassAffiliation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning ;
rdfs:range :WordclassAffiliation ;
:definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has a wordclass affiliation."@en ;
rdfs:label "has wordclass affiliation"@en .
:hasWordform rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:range :Wordform ;
:definition "States that a lexical entry resource has an associated word-form resource."@en ;
rdfs:label "has wordform"@en .
:inflectionalMeaning rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning ;
rdfs:range :LinguisticCategory ;
:definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some inflectional meaning."@en ;
rdfs:label "inflectional meaning"@en .
:inflectionalRelation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMorphologicalRelationship ;
rdfs:domain :Word ;
rdfs:range :Inflection ;
:definition "States which kind of inflectional relationship applies to a word."@en ;
rdfs:label "inflectional relation"@en .
:inherentInflectionalMeaning rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :inflectionalMeaning ;
rdfs:range :LinguisticCategory ;
:definition """States that the meaning \"comprises features (= linguistic categories) that are relevant to the syntax but convey a certain amount of independent information\". E.g. the tense/aspect values for verbs or the number or gender values for nouns.
[Haspelmath and Sims: Understanding morphology. 2002:100]"""@de ;
:example "\"klein-er-e Frau\" 'small-COMPR-NOM.SG.F woman.NOM.SG.F' - inherent inflection for degree of comparison"@de ;
rdfs:label "inherent inflectionalm eaning"@en .
:isAllomorphTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:SymmetricProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Morph ;
rdfs:range :Morph ;
:definition "States that a morph is an allomorph to another morph which are both realizations of the same morpheme and which occur in complementary or free distribution."@en ;
:externalDefinitionDesc "An allomorph is one of two or more complementary morphs which manifest a morpheme in its different phonological or morphological environments. [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAllomorph.htm]"@en ;
rdfs:label "is allomorph to"@en .
:isComposedOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :CompoundWord ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :GrammaticalWord
:Lexeme
)
] ;
:definition "States that a compound word is composed of a lexical entry resource."@en ;
rdfs:label "is composed of"@en .
:isDerivedFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :DerivedWord ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :GrammaticalWord
:LexicalEntry
)
] ;
:definition "States that a derived word is derived from a lexical entry resource."@en ;
rdfs:label "is derived from"@en .
:isHomonymTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:SymmetricProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Morph ;
rdfs:range :Morph ;
:definition "States that a morph is homonym to another morph, i.e. although sharing the same orthographic and/or morphemic representation both morphs encode different meanings and thus realize different morphemes."@en ;
rdfs:label "is homonym to"@en .
:partOfLanguage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf :associatedToLanguage ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( :Morph
:Word
)
] ;
:definition "States that a morph or word resources is a linguistic entity as part of a certain language."@en ;
rdfs:label "part of language"@en .
:senseLink rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range rdfs:Resource ;
:definition "This relation points to an external sense resource defining the meaning of a lexeme, morph or morpheme."@en ;
rdfs:label "sense link"@en .
:morphemicRepresentation rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Representation ;
rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral ;
:definition """Is the representation of a morph.
It includes:
a) marking of the prefix boundary with a hyphen, eg. prefix-
b) marking of the suffix boundary with a hyphen, e.g. -suffix
c) marking of the infix boundry inclosed in angled brackets, e.g. <infix>
d) marking of the circumfix boundary by setting them off by angled brackets, e.g. circumfix prefix><circumfix suffix
e) marking of the transfix and simulfix boundary with a backslash, e.g. \\transfix or simulfix
f) marking of the zero morph with \"Z\" and a morpheme boundary, e.g. -Z
The morphemic representation consists of a morphemic boundary marking and the conventional orthographic representation of it. It differs from the orthographic representation in that it is marked by one of the typographic conventions a) - f). It differs from the morphemic gloss in that it renders the orthographic representation of the morph instead of the corresponding meaning glosses. I.e. for the English genetive \"-s\" morph the three representations are as follows:
orthographic rep.: \"s\"
morphemic rep.: \"-s\"
morphemic gloss: \"GEN\""""@en ;
rdfs:label "morphemic representation"@en .
:orthographicRepresentation rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Representation ;
rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral ;
:definition "Is the representation adhering to the characters of the writing system (graphemes) according to the language of the MMoOn inventory."@en ;
rdfs:label "orthographic representation"@en .
:phoneticRepresentation rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Representation ;
rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral ;
:definition "Is the phonetic representation according to the IPA symbols."@en ;
rdfs:label "phonetic representation"@en .
:senseDefinition rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Sense ;
rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral ;
:definition "Is some definition of a sense resource."@en ;
rdfs:label "sense definition"@en .
:transliteration rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain :Representation ;
rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral ;
:definition "This property renders orthographic representations of the writing system of the language of the morpheme inventory in symbols of another writing system, which ideally adhere to the latin alphabet."@en ;
:externalDefinition <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet> ;
:usageNote "A reference to the mapping relation of the two writing system involved is highly recommended."@en ;
rdfs:label "transliteration"@en .
:Ablative rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AblativeCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Lative ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ABL
] .
:AbsoluteAdjective rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Adjective ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ABSADJ
] .
:AbsoluteRelativeTense rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Tense ;
:definition "a tense that refers to a time in relation to a temporal reference point that in turn is referred to in relation to the moment of utterance, i.e. in which the reference point and the moment of utterance are not identical. [Christian Lehmann, under \"absolute-relative tense\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ;
:externalDefinition <http://purl.org/olia/olia.owll#AbsoluteRelativeTense> ;
rdfs:label "Absolute-Relative Tense"@en .
:AbsoluteState rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :NominalState ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AC
] .
:AbsoluteTense rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Tense ;
:definition "An absolute tense is a tense that has the point of time of the speech act as its immediate point of reference. [Christian Lehmann, under \"absolute tense\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ;
:externalDefinition <http://purl.org/olia/olia.owll#AbsoluteTense> ;
rdfs:label "Absolute Tense"@en .
:Absolutive rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AbsolutiveCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :CasusRectus ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ABS
] .
:Accusative rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AccusativeCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACC
] .
:ActionNominalizer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACNR
] .
:ActionNoun rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalNoun ;
:definition "A noun which is derived from a verb stem denoting the action of the deriving verb stem."@en ;
:example "\"to arrive\"(V) --> \"arrival\"(N)."@en ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """An action noun is a non-oriented verbal noun (nomen substantivum), i.e. one which designates the same kind of thing as a (finite) verb, viz. a situation core, except that this is hypostatized as an entity. An action noun is a non-oriented verbal noun (nomen substantivum), i.e. one which designates the same kind of thing as a (finite) verb, viz. a situation core, except that this is hypostatized as an entity.
[Christian Lehmann, under \"action noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Action Noun"@en .
:Active rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:ActiveVoice ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Voice ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACT
] .
:Adelative rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Elative ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADELAT
] .
:Adessive rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AdessiveCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Essive ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADESS
] .
:AdjectivalInflection rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Inflection ;
:definition "Is the process of generating word-forms of adjectival stems."@en ;
rdfs:label "Adjectival Inflection"@en .
:Adjective rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Adjectival ;
rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADJ
] .
:AdjectiveCompound rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Compounding ;
:definition "An adjective compound is an adjective formed by composition of an adjective stem and another stem."@en ;
:example "\"man-eating\"(Adj) = \"man\"(N) + \"eating\"(Adj)."@en ;
rdfs:label "Adjective Compound"@en .
:AdjectiveExpansion rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Expansion ;
:definition "Is the expansion of the semantic content of an adjective by a derivational morpheme."@en ;
rdfs:label "Adjective Expansion"@en .
:AdjectiveNoun rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion ;
:definition "An adjective noun is a noun which is fomed by conversion from an adjective and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ;
:example "\"old\"(Adj) --> \"the old\"(N)."@en ;
rdfs:label "Adjective Noun"@en .
:AdjectiveVerb rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion ;
:definition "An adjective verb is a verb which is fomed by conversion from an adjective and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ;
:example "\"dicht\"(Adj.) 'impermeable' --> \"dichten\"(V) 'seal'."@de ;
rdfs:label "Adjective Verb"@en .
:Adjectivization rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalDerivation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADJZ
] .
:Admonitive rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Mood ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADM
] .
:Adposition rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Adposition ;
rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADP
] .
:Adverb rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Adverbial ;
rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADV
] .
:AdverbCompound rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Compounding ;
:definition "An adverb compound is an adverb formed by composition of an adverb stem and another stem."@en ;
:example "\"downstream\"(Adv) = \"down\"(Adv) + \"stream\"(N)."@en ;
rdfs:label "Adverb Compound"@en .
:Adverbialization rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalDerivation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADVZ
] .
:Affirmation rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:PositivePolarity ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Polarity ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AFFMT
] .
:Affix rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Affix ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Morph ;
:definition "An affix is a bound segmental morph that is joined to a stem or root before, after, or within it, in the formation of a derived or inflected form. [Christian Lehmann, under \"affix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ;
rdfs:label "Affix"@en .
:AgentNominalizer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AGNR
] .
:AgentNoun rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalNoun ;
:definition "A noun which is derived from a verb stem denoting someone or something that performs the action of the verb base."@en ;
:example "\"to work\"(V) --> \"worker\"(N)."@en ;
rdfs:label "Agent Noun"@en .
:Agentive rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AGC
] .
:Aktionsart rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion ;
:definition "Aktionsart is a derivational verbal category that concerns the internal temporal structure of the situation core designated by the verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"Aktionsart\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ;
rdfs:label "Aktionsart"@en .
:AlienabilityClassifier rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Classifier ;
:definition "Is a kind of possessive classifier. Marks a possessive relation between a possessor and a possessum, which may or may not be permanently or necessarily possessed."@en ;
:externalDefinitionDesc "The alienability of a noun is its property of being alienable. A noun is alienable iff it is not inalienable. [Christian Lehmann, under \"alienability\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ;
:usageNote "This category should be used for languages which morphologically mark alienability on pronouns, nouns or other parts of possessive constructions."@en ;
rdfs:label "Alienability Classifier"@en .
:Alienable rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :AlienabilityClassifier ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AL
] .
:Allative rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AllativeCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Lative ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ALL
] .
:AnalyticWordform rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Wordform ;
:definition """A word form is analytic iff it consists of more than one word form such that the lexical meaning provides the root of one of them, while the grammatical meaning components are coded in the other word forms (some of them possibly in the lexical word form).
An inflection is analytic to the extent that it consists of analytic word forms.[Christian Lehmann, under \"analytic structure\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
:example """The comparison of adjectives in English involves both inflectional forms (e.g. bigger) and periphrastic constructions (e.g. more interesting).
Engl. sang (synthetic) vs. has sung (periphrastic). [Christian Lehmann, under \"periphrasis\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """Delimitation and History:
Periphrastic conjugation is the formation of a verbal inflectional paradigm which consists of periphrastic forms.
Periphrastic conjugation is the formation of a verbal inflectional paradigm which consists of periphrastic forms.
Periphrasis is the combination of a grammatical word G with a lexical word L such that the result is equivalent to a morphological form of L inflected for the category of G.
Analytic Procedures:
Within one language, periphrasis is recognized by a paradigmatic relation between a periphrastic and a synthetic expression. Across languages or stages of one language, periphrasis in a looser sense is recognized on the basis of functional similarity. [Christian Lehmann, under \"analytic structure\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Analytic Word-form"@en .
:AnimacyClassifier rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Classifier ;
:definition "Animacy 1 is the property of being animate 1 or inanimate 1. [Christian Lehmann, under \"animacy\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ;
:externalDefinition <http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AnimacyFeature> ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """Animacy is a grammatical and/or semantic category of nouns based on how sentient or alive the referent of the noun in a given taxonomic scheme is. Animacy can have various effects on the grammar of a language, such as choice of pronoun (what/who), case endings, word order, or the form a verb takes when it is associated with that noun.
[http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Animacy]"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Animacy Classifier"@en .
:Animal rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Animate ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ANML
] .
:Animate rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AnimateGender ;
rdfs:subClassOf :AnimacyClassifier ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AN
] .
:Anterior rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTense ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ANT
] .
:Anticausative rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Intransitivizer ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACAUS
] .
:Antipassive rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AntiPassiveVoice ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Voice ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ANTIP
] .
:Aorist rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Past ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AOR
] .
:Applicative rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_APPL
] .
:ApplicativeVerb rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalVerb ;
:definition "A verb which is derived from another intransitive verb stem resulting in a transitive verb."@en ;
:example "\"steigen\"(V) 'rise' --> \"besteigen\"(V) 'climb'."@de ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """An applicative verb is a derived transitive verb whose direct object has been promoted to this function from a more peripheral syntactic function that it has with the base verb.
The base may be transitive, in which case its direct object is demoted upon the derivation of the applicative verb.
[Christian Lehmann, under \"applicative verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Applicative Verb"@en .
:Article rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Article ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Determiner ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ART
] .
:Aspect rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AspectProperty ;
rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ;
:definition """Aspect is an inflectional category concerning the internal temporal structure, particularly the initial and final temporal boundaries, of the situation designated by the verb.
Aspect treats a situation as bounded or non-bounded with respect to other situations in the universe-of-discourse, so that syntagmatic relations of taxis can be established among them. [Christian Lehmann, under \"aspect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
:externalDefinition <http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#AspectFeature> ;
rdfs:label "Aspect"@en .
:Assumptive rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AssumptiveEvidentiality ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ASSUM
] .
:AtomicMorpheme rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Morpheme ;
:definition """A morpheme is atomic if the morph by which it is realized encodes exactly one meaning. Hence, an atomic morpheme has one mmon:Meaning.
An exception is made for person and number morphemes, e.g. the third person singular \"-s\" suffix in English corresponds to the atomic morpheme \"1SG\"."""@en ;
:example "The English \"-s\" plural morpheme."@en ;
rdfs:label "Atomic Morpheme"@en .
:Attenuation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Expansion ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ATTEN
] .
:AttenuativeAdjective rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DeadjectivalAdjective ;
:definition "An adjective which is derived from another adjective stem that denotes a smaller intensity than the deriving adjective stem."@en ;
:example "\"small\"(ADJ) --> \"smallish\"(ADJ)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Diminutive Adjective"@en .
:AttenuativeVerb rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalVerb ;
:definition "A verb which is derived from another verb stem that denotes a smaller intensity than the deriving verb stem."@en ;
:example "\"lachen\"(V) 'to laugh' --> \"lächeln\"(V) 'to smile'"@de ;
rdfs:label "Attenuative Verb"@en .
:Auditory rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AuditoryEvidentiality ;
rdfs:subClassOf :NonVisual ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AUD
] .
:Augmentation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :NounExpansion ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AUG
] .
:AugmentativeNoun rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalNoun ;
:definition "A noun which is derived from another noun stem that denotes big or large size. Possible connotations include 'strong', 'imposing', 'ugly'."@en ;
:externalDefinition gold:AugmentativeSize ,
<http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Augmentative> ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """Augmentation is the derivational modification of a noun by the concept 'big, large'. Possible connotations include 'strong, imposing, ugly'.
A noun is augmentative 1 iff it is derived by augmentation.
[Christian Lehmann, under \"augmentation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Augmentative Noun"@en .
:AuxiliaryVerb rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Auxiliary ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Verb ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AUX
] .
:Aversive rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:AversiveCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :LocalCase ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AVERS
] .
:Benefactive rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:BenefactiveCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_BEN
] .
:BenefactiveDative rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Dative ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_BENDAT
] .
:CardinalNumber rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:CardinalNumeral ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Numeral ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CARD
] .
:Case rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:CaseProperty ;
rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ;
:definition """Case is a nominal inflectional category indicating the syntactic or semantic function of an NP.
Delimitation and History:
Sometimes discourse functions of NPs such as ‚topic’, as they may be marked by case-like nominal markers, are subsumed under the concept ‚case’.
Case is not the syntactic or semantic function itself, but its morphological marking on a nominal expression. Thus:
a) there is no valid distinction between ‚(underlying) case’ and ‚overt case’;
b) the marking of syntactic/semantic relations on the governing expression (e.g. verbal cross-reference marking) is not case.
[Christian Lehmann, under \"case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
:externalDefinition <http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#CaseFeature> ;
rdfs:label "Case"@en .
:CasusRectus rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Case ;
:definition """The casus rectus of a system is that case which marks the subject of a copula clause (or nominal clause). Thus, the nominative in the accusative system, the absolutive in the ergative system.
Phenomenology:
The casus rectus may be unmarked as against the oblique cases or may be based on a different declension stem.
[Christian Lehmann, under \"casus rectus\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Casus Rectus"@en .
:CausativeCase rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CAUSC
] .
:CausativeVerb rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalVerb ;
:definition "A verb which is derived from another verb stem denoting the causal role of a referent in relation to an event or state expressed by the deriving verb stem."@en ;
:example """\"fall\"(V) --> \"fell\"(V).
[Christian Lehmann, under \"causative verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """A causative verb is an n-place verb (with n > 1) which is derived from an n-1-place verb in such a way that the additional semantic slot is mapped onto the subject slot and is occupied by a superordinate agent which causes the situation designated by the base.
An underived verb cannot be causative by this definition. However, the paradigmatic lexical relation of Engl. «kill» to «die» may be called \"semantically causative\".
[Christian Lehmann, under \"causative verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Causative Verb"@en .
:CausativeVoice rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:CausativeVoice ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Voice ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CAUS
] .
:Causativization rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :ValencyChange ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CAUSV
] .
:Circumfix rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Circumfix ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Affix ;
:definition "A circumfix is an affix which consits of a prefix and a suffix. [Christian Lehmann, under \"circumfix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ;
rdfs:label "Circumfix"@en .
:Circumposition rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Adposition ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CIRP
] .
:Classifier rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Classifier ;
rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ;
:definition "a word or morpheme that indicates that a linguistic unit (typically a noun) belongs to a certain class of units. [Christian Lehmann, under \"classifier\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ;
:externalDefinition <http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#Classifier> ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """A classifier is a word or affix that expresses the classification of a noun.
(http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAClassifier.htm)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Classifier"@en .
:Clusivity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ;
:definition "Clusivity is an overarching term for various kinds of inclusive - exclusive oppositions as found in the marking of person. (http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Clusivity)"@en ;
:externalDefinition <http://purl.org/olia/olia-top.owl#ClusivityFeature> ;
rdfs:label "Clusivity"@en .
:CollectivePersonNoun rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalNoun ;
:definition "A noun which is derived from another noun stem that denotes a group of persons."@en ;
:example "\"Lehrer\"(N) 'teacher' --> \"Lehrerschaft\"(N) 'body of teachers'."@de ;
rdfs:label "Collective Person Noun"@en .
:Comitative rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:ComitativeCase ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COM
] .
:Common rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Gender ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMM
] .
:CommonNoun rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:CommonNoun ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Noun ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NNC
] .
:Comparative rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeOfComparison ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMPR
] .
:Complementizer rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Complementizer ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Conjunction ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMP
] .
:CompletiveAspect rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:CompletiveAspect ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMPL
] .
:CompoundWord rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Lexeme ;
:definition "A compound word is a complex lexeme which consists of two lexical meanings (conveyed in the lexical stems of which it is composed). It is formed by the combination of two stems, which can be simple or complex."@en ;
:example "Engl. \"playground\" is a compound word consisting of the two simple lexemes/stems \"play\" and \"ground\"."@en ;
:externalDefinitionDesc "A compound is a stem formed by composition. [Christian Lehmann, under \"compound\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ;
rdfs:label "Compound Word"@en .
:Compounding rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :WordFormation ;
:definition "Is the process of lexeme-formation by combining two stems."@en ;
:externalDefinitionDesc """Compounding [compositio thematum] is the formation of a stem by combination of two stems. Both stems may already be complex.
[Christian Lehmann, under \"compounding\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ;
:usageNote "Compounds, in English and some other languages, can be written as one word or two separate words, and they can be hyphenated as well. [http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Compound]"@en ;
rdfs:label "Compounding"@en .
:ConativeAktionsart rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CNTV
] .
:ConativeAspect rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CNTVA
] .
:Conditional rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :Mood ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COND
] .
:Conjugation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf :VerbalInflection ;
:definition "Is the inflection of a verb. Conjugation categories commonly include person, number, gender, aspect, tense, mood, voice and non-finite subcategories. [Christian Lehmann, under \"conjugation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ;
rdfs:label "Conjugation"@en .
:Conjunction rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass gold:Conjunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ;
owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONJ
] .