House_price_perdiction_in_Melburn.ipynb

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      "source": [
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "from sklearn import metrics\n",
        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
        "import seaborn as sns"
      ]
    },
    {
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        "from google.colab import files\n"
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              "//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n",
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          "text": [
            "Saving melb_data.csv to melb_data.csv\n"
          ]
        }
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df = pd.read_csv('melb_data.csv')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TaIVUUB2jbru"
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      "execution_count": 20,
      "outputs": []
    },
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      "source": [
        "df"
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              "              Suburb           Address  Rooms Type      Price Method  \\\n",
              "0         Abbotsford      85 Turner St      2    h  1480000.0      S   \n",
              "1         Abbotsford   25 Bloomburg St      2    h  1035000.0      S   \n",
              "2         Abbotsford      5 Charles St      3    h  1465000.0     SP   \n",
              "3         Abbotsford  40 Federation La      3    h   850000.0     PI   \n",
              "4         Abbotsford       55a Park St      4    h  1600000.0     VB   \n",
              "...              ...               ...    ...  ...        ...    ...   \n",
              "13575  Wheelers Hill      12 Strada Cr      4    h  1245000.0      S   \n",
              "13576   Williamstown     77 Merrett Dr      3    h  1031000.0     SP   \n",
              "13577   Williamstown       83 Power St      3    h  1170000.0      S   \n",
              "13578   Williamstown      96 Verdon St      4    h  2500000.0     PI   \n",
              "13579     Yarraville        6 Agnes St      4    h  1285000.0     SP   \n",
              "\n",
              "        SellerG        Date  Distance  Postcode  ...  Bathroom  Car  Landsize  \\\n",
              "0        Biggin   3/12/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  1.0     202.0   \n",
              "1        Biggin   4/02/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  0.0     156.0   \n",
              "2        Biggin   4/03/2017       2.5    3067.0  ...       2.0  0.0     134.0   \n",
              "3        Biggin   4/03/2017       2.5    3067.0  ...       2.0  1.0      94.0   \n",
              "4        Nelson   4/06/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  2.0     120.0   \n",
              "...         ...         ...       ...       ...  ...       ...  ...       ...   \n",
              "13575     Barry  26/08/2017      16.7    3150.0  ...       2.0  2.0     652.0   \n",
              "13576  Williams  26/08/2017       6.8    3016.0  ...       2.0  2.0     333.0   \n",
              "13577     Raine  26/08/2017       6.8    3016.0  ...       2.0  4.0     436.0   \n",
              "13578   Sweeney  26/08/2017       6.8    3016.0  ...       1.0  5.0     866.0   \n",
              "13579   Village  26/08/2017       6.3    3013.0  ...       1.0  1.0     362.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "       BuildingArea  YearBuilt  CouncilArea Lattitude  Longtitude  \\\n",
              "0               NaN        NaN        Yarra -37.79960   144.99840   \n",
              "1              79.0     1900.0        Yarra -37.80790   144.99340   \n",
              "2             150.0     1900.0        Yarra -37.80930   144.99440   \n",
              "3               NaN        NaN        Yarra -37.79690   144.99690   \n",
              "4             142.0     2014.0        Yarra -37.80720   144.99410   \n",
              "...             ...        ...          ...       ...         ...   \n",
              "13575           NaN     1981.0          NaN -37.90562   145.16761   \n",
              "13576         133.0     1995.0          NaN -37.85927   144.87904   \n",
              "13577           NaN     1997.0          NaN -37.85274   144.88738   \n",
              "13578         157.0     1920.0          NaN -37.85908   144.89299   \n",
              "13579         112.0     1920.0          NaN -37.81188   144.88449   \n",
              "\n",
              "                       Regionname Propertycount  \n",
              "0           Northern Metropolitan        4019.0  \n",
              "1           Northern Metropolitan        4019.0  \n",
              "2           Northern Metropolitan        4019.0  \n",
              "3           Northern Metropolitan        4019.0  \n",
              "4           Northern Metropolitan        4019.0  \n",
              "...                           ...           ...  \n",
              "13575  South-Eastern Metropolitan        7392.0  \n",
              "13576        Western Metropolitan        6380.0  \n",
              "13577        Western Metropolitan        6380.0  \n",
              "13578        Western Metropolitan        6380.0  \n",
              "13579        Western Metropolitan        6543.0  \n",
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Suburb</th>\n",
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>85 Turner St</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1480000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>S</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>3/12/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>202.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.79960</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.99840</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
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              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>25 Bloomburg St</td>\n",
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              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1035000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>S</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/02/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>144.99340</td>\n",
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              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>5 Charles St</td>\n",
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              "      <td>1465000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>SP</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/03/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>150.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1900.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>-37.80930</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.99440</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
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              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>40 Federation La</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
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              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
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              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>55a Park St</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>VB</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nelson</td>\n",
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              "      <th>13576</th>\n",
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              "      <td>Williams</td>\n",
              "      <td>26/08/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
              "      <td>3016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>333.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>133.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1995.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.85927</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.87904</td>\n",
              "      <td>Western Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>6380.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13577</th>\n",
              "      <td>Williamstown</td>\n",
              "      <td>83 Power St</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1170000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>S</td>\n",
              "      <td>Raine</td>\n",
              "      <td>26/08/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
              "      <td>3016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>436.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>1997.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.85274</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.88738</td>\n",
              "      <td>Western Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>6380.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13578</th>\n",
              "      <td>Williamstown</td>\n",
              "      <td>96 Verdon St</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>2500000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>PI</td>\n",
              "      <td>Sweeney</td>\n",
              "      <td>26/08/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
              "      <td>3016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>866.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>157.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1920.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.85908</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.89299</td>\n",
              "      <td>Western Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>6380.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13579</th>\n",
              "      <td>Yarraville</td>\n",
              "      <td>6 Agnes St</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1285000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>SP</td>\n",
              "      <td>Village</td>\n",
              "      <td>26/08/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.3</td>\n",
              "      <td>3013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>362.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>112.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1920.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.81188</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.88449</td>\n",
              "      <td>Western Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>6543.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>13580 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
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              "type": "dataframe",
              "variable_name": "df"
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          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 21
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.info()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "PzZ8IPPikN6Y",
        "outputId": "228b8d04-fc00-4fba-a59b-a793dd29a7f3"
      },
      "execution_count": 22,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
            "RangeIndex: 13580 entries, 0 to 13579\n",
            "Data columns (total 21 columns):\n",
            " #   Column         Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
            "---  ------         --------------  -----  \n",
            " 0   Suburb         13580 non-null  object \n",
            " 1   Address        13580 non-null  object \n",
            " 2   Rooms          13580 non-null  int64  \n",
            " 3   Type           13580 non-null  object \n",
            " 4   Price          13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 5   Method         13580 non-null  object \n",
            " 6   SellerG        13580 non-null  object \n",
            " 7   Date           13580 non-null  object \n",
            " 8   Distance       13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 9   Postcode       13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 10  Bedroom2       13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 11  Bathroom       13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 12  Car            13518 non-null  float64\n",
            " 13  Landsize       13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 14  BuildingArea   7130 non-null   float64\n",
            " 15  YearBuilt      8205 non-null   float64\n",
            " 16  CouncilArea    12211 non-null  object \n",
            " 17  Lattitude      13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 18  Longtitude     13580 non-null  float64\n",
            " 19  Regionname     13580 non-null  object \n",
            " 20  Propertycount  13580 non-null  float64\n",
            "dtypes: float64(12), int64(1), object(8)\n",
            "memory usage: 2.2+ MB\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 377
        },
        "id": "JPDewQy7k1k6",
        "outputId": "533ee043-9fb6-4b6d-e21f-db342fdf70e0"
      },
      "execution_count": 23,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       Suburb           Address  Rooms Type      Price Method SellerG  \\\n",
              "0  Abbotsford      85 Turner St      2    h  1480000.0      S  Biggin   \n",
              "1  Abbotsford   25 Bloomburg St      2    h  1035000.0      S  Biggin   \n",
              "2  Abbotsford      5 Charles St      3    h  1465000.0     SP  Biggin   \n",
              "3  Abbotsford  40 Federation La      3    h   850000.0     PI  Biggin   \n",
              "4  Abbotsford       55a Park St      4    h  1600000.0     VB  Nelson   \n",
              "\n",
              "        Date  Distance  Postcode  ...  Bathroom  Car  Landsize  BuildingArea  \\\n",
              "0  3/12/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  1.0     202.0           NaN   \n",
              "1  4/02/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  0.0     156.0          79.0   \n",
              "2  4/03/2017       2.5    3067.0  ...       2.0  0.0     134.0         150.0   \n",
              "3  4/03/2017       2.5    3067.0  ...       2.0  1.0      94.0           NaN   \n",
              "4  4/06/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  2.0     120.0         142.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   YearBuilt  CouncilArea Lattitude  Longtitude             Regionname  \\\n",
              "0        NaN        Yarra  -37.7996    144.9984  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "1     1900.0        Yarra  -37.8079    144.9934  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "2     1900.0        Yarra  -37.8093    144.9944  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "3        NaN        Yarra  -37.7969    144.9969  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "4     2014.0        Yarra  -37.8072    144.9941  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Propertycount  \n",
              "0        4019.0  \n",
              "1        4019.0  \n",
              "2        4019.0  \n",
              "3        4019.0  \n",
              "4        4019.0  \n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 21 columns]"
            ],
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              "      <th>Suburb</th>\n",
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              "      <th>YearBuilt</th>\n",
              "      <th>CouncilArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>Lattitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>Longtitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>Regionname</th>\n",
              "      <th>Propertycount</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>85 Turner St</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1480000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>S</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>3/12/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>202.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.7996</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9984</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>25 Bloomburg St</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1035000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>S</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/02/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>156.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1900.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.8079</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9934</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>5 Charles St</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1465000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>SP</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/03/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>150.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1900.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.8093</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9944</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>40 Federation La</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>PI</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/03/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.7969</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9969</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>55a Park St</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>VB</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nelson</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/06/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>142.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.8072</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9941</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>5 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-aa1231e0-6318-4d1a-8d90-1a9e1d827980')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-aa1231e0-6318-4d1a-8d90-1a9e1d827980 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-aa1231e0-6318-4d1a-8d90-1a9e1d827980');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-b85428e8-beb6-47f5-937d-3841adfced73\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-b85428e8-beb6-47f5-937d-3841adfced73')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
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              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-b85428e8-beb6-47f5-937d-3841adfced73 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "dataframe",
              "variable_name": "df"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 23
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "set(df['Suburb'])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "IK-9KCnklhid",
        "outputId": "1bcbe46f-3521-45bd-b991-0966d5346466"
      },
      "execution_count": 24,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'Abbotsford',\n",
              " 'Aberfeldie',\n",
              " 'Airport West',\n",
              " 'Albanvale',\n",
              " 'Albert Park',\n",
              " 'Albion',\n",
              " 'Alphington',\n",
              " 'Altona',\n",
              " 'Altona Meadows',\n",
              " 'Altona North',\n",
              " 'Ardeer',\n",
              " 'Armadale',\n",
              " 'Ascot Vale',\n",
              " 'Ashburton',\n",
              " 'Ashwood',\n",
              " 'Aspendale',\n",
              " 'Aspendale Gardens',\n",
              " 'Attwood',\n",
              " 'Avondale Heights',\n",
              " 'Bacchus Marsh',\n",
              " 'Balaclava',\n",
              " 'Balwyn',\n",
              " 'Balwyn North',\n",
              " 'Bayswater',\n",
              " 'Bayswater North',\n",
              " 'Beaconsfield',\n",
              " 'Beaconsfield Upper',\n",
              " 'Beaumaris',\n",
              " 'Bellfield',\n",
              " 'Bentleigh',\n",
              " 'Bentleigh East',\n",
              " 'Berwick',\n",
              " 'Black Rock',\n",
              " 'Blackburn',\n",
              " 'Blackburn North',\n",
              " 'Blackburn South',\n",
              " 'Bonbeach',\n",
              " 'Boronia',\n",
              " 'Box Hill',\n",
              " 'Braybrook',\n",
              " 'Briar Hill',\n",
              " 'Brighton',\n",
              " 'Brighton East',\n",
              " 'Broadmeadows',\n",
              " 'Brookfield',\n",
              " 'Brooklyn',\n",
              " 'Brunswick',\n",
              " 'Brunswick East',\n",
              " 'Brunswick West',\n",
              " 'Bulleen',\n",
              " 'Bullengarook',\n",
              " 'Bundoora',\n",
              " 'Burnley',\n",
              " 'Burnside',\n",
              " 'Burnside Heights',\n",
              " 'Burwood',\n",
              " 'Burwood East',\n",
              " 'Cairnlea',\n",
              " 'Camberwell',\n",
              " 'Campbellfield',\n",
              " 'Canterbury',\n",
              " 'Carlton',\n",
              " 'Carlton North',\n",
              " 'Carnegie',\n",
              " 'Caroline Springs',\n",
              " 'Carrum',\n",
              " 'Carrum Downs',\n",
              " 'Caulfield',\n",
              " 'Caulfield East',\n",
              " 'Caulfield North',\n",
              " 'Caulfield South',\n",
              " 'Chadstone',\n",
              " 'Chelsea',\n",
              " 'Chelsea Heights',\n",
              " 'Cheltenham',\n",
              " 'Chirnside Park',\n",
              " 'Clarinda',\n",
              " 'Clayton',\n",
              " 'Clayton South',\n",
              " 'Clifton Hill',\n",
              " 'Coburg',\n",
              " 'Coburg North',\n",
              " 'Collingwood',\n",
              " 'Coolaroo',\n",
              " 'Craigieburn',\n",
              " 'Cranbourne',\n",
              " 'Cranbourne North',\n",
              " 'Cremorne',\n",
              " 'Croydon',\n",
              " 'Croydon Hills',\n",
              " 'Croydon North',\n",
              " 'Croydon South',\n",
              " 'Dallas',\n",
              " 'Dandenong',\n",
              " 'Dandenong North',\n",
              " 'Deepdene',\n",
              " 'Deer Park',\n",
              " 'Delahey',\n",
              " 'Derrimut',\n",
              " 'Diamond Creek',\n",
              " 'Diggers Rest',\n",
              " 'Dingley Village',\n",
              " 'Docklands',\n",
              " 'Doncaster',\n",
              " 'Doncaster East',\n",
              " 'Donvale',\n",
              " 'Doreen',\n",
              " 'Doveton',\n",
              " 'Eaglemont',\n",
              " 'East Melbourne',\n",
              " 'Edithvale',\n",
              " 'Elsternwick',\n",
              " 'Eltham',\n",
              " 'Eltham North',\n",
              " 'Elwood',\n",
              " 'Emerald',\n",
              " 'Endeavour Hills',\n",
              " 'Epping',\n",
              " 'Essendon',\n",
              " 'Essendon North',\n",
              " 'Essendon West',\n",
              " 'Fairfield',\n",
              " 'Fawkner',\n",
              " 'Ferntree Gully',\n",
              " 'Fitzroy',\n",
              " 'Fitzroy North',\n",
              " 'Flemington',\n",
              " 'Footscray',\n",
              " 'Forest Hill',\n",
              " 'Frankston',\n",
              " 'Frankston North',\n",
              " 'Frankston South',\n",
              " 'Gardenvale',\n",
              " 'Gisborne',\n",
              " 'Gladstone Park',\n",
              " 'Glen Huntly',\n",
              " 'Glen Iris',\n",
              " 'Glen Waverley',\n",
              " 'Glenroy',\n",
              " 'Gowanbrae',\n",
              " 'Greensborough',\n",
              " 'Greenvale',\n",
              " 'Hadfield',\n",
              " 'Hallam',\n",
              " 'Hampton',\n",
              " 'Hampton East',\n",
              " 'Hampton Park',\n",
              " 'Hawthorn',\n",
              " 'Hawthorn East',\n",
              " 'Healesville',\n",
              " 'Heathmont',\n",
              " 'Heidelberg',\n",
              " 'Heidelberg Heights',\n",
              " 'Heidelberg West',\n",
              " 'Highett',\n",
              " 'Hillside',\n",
              " 'Hoppers Crossing',\n",
              " 'Hughesdale',\n",
              " 'Huntingdale',\n",
              " 'Hurstbridge',\n",
              " 'Ivanhoe',\n",
              " 'Ivanhoe East',\n",
              " 'Jacana',\n",
              " 'Kealba',\n",
              " 'Keilor',\n",
              " 'Keilor Downs',\n",
              " 'Keilor East',\n",
              " 'Keilor Lodge',\n",
              " 'Keilor Park',\n",
              " 'Kensington',\n",
              " 'Kew',\n",
              " 'Kew East',\n",
              " 'Keysborough',\n",
              " 'Kilsyth',\n",
              " 'Kings Park',\n",
              " 'Kingsbury',\n",
              " 'Kingsville',\n",
              " 'Knoxfield',\n",
              " 'Kooyong',\n",
              " 'Kurunjang',\n",
              " 'Lalor',\n",
              " 'Langwarrin',\n",
              " 'Lower Plenty',\n",
              " 'Maidstone',\n",
              " 'Malvern',\n",
              " 'Malvern East',\n",
              " 'Maribyrnong',\n",
              " 'McKinnon',\n",
              " 'Meadow Heights',\n",
              " 'Melbourne',\n",
              " 'Melton',\n",
              " 'Melton South',\n",
              " 'Melton West',\n",
              " 'Mentone',\n",
              " 'Mernda',\n",
              " 'Middle Park',\n",
              " 'Mill Park',\n",
              " 'Mitcham',\n",
              " 'Monbulk',\n",
              " 'Mont Albert',\n",
              " 'Montmorency',\n",
              " 'Montrose',\n",
              " 'Moonee Ponds',\n",
              " 'Moorabbin',\n",
              " 'Mooroolbark',\n",
              " 'Mordialloc',\n",
              " 'Mount Evelyn',\n",
              " 'Mount Waverley',\n",
              " 'Mulgrave',\n",
              " 'Murrumbeena',\n",
              " 'Narre Warren',\n",
              " 'New Gisborne',\n",
              " 'Newport',\n",
              " 'Niddrie',\n",
              " 'Noble Park',\n",
              " 'North Melbourne',\n",
              " 'North Warrandyte',\n",
              " 'Northcote',\n",
              " 'Notting Hill',\n",
              " 'Nunawading',\n",
              " 'Oak Park',\n",
              " 'Oakleigh',\n",
              " 'Oakleigh East',\n",
              " 'Oakleigh South',\n",
              " 'Officer',\n",
              " 'Ormond',\n",
              " 'Pakenham',\n",
              " 'Parkdale',\n",
              " 'Parkville',\n",
              " 'Pascoe Vale',\n",
              " 'Plumpton',\n",
              " 'Point Cook',\n",
              " 'Port Melbourne',\n",
              " 'Prahran',\n",
              " 'Preston',\n",
              " 'Princes Hill',\n",
              " 'Reservoir',\n",
              " 'Richmond',\n",
              " 'Riddells Creek',\n",
              " 'Ringwood',\n",
              " 'Ringwood East',\n",
              " 'Ringwood North',\n",
              " 'Ripponlea',\n",
              " 'Rockbank',\n",
              " 'Rosanna',\n",
              " 'Rowville',\n",
              " 'Roxburgh Park',\n",
              " 'Sandhurst',\n",
              " 'Sandringham',\n",
              " 'Scoresby',\n",
              " 'Seabrook',\n",
              " 'Seaford',\n",
              " 'Seaholme',\n",
              " 'Seddon',\n",
              " 'Silvan',\n",
              " 'Skye',\n",
              " 'South Kingsville',\n",
              " 'South Melbourne',\n",
              " 'South Morang',\n",
              " 'South Yarra',\n",
              " 'Southbank',\n",
              " 'Spotswood',\n",
              " 'Springvale',\n",
              " 'Springvale South',\n",
              " 'St Albans',\n",
              " 'St Helena',\n",
              " 'St Kilda',\n",
              " 'Strathmore',\n",
              " 'Strathmore Heights',\n",
              " 'Sunbury',\n",
              " 'Sunshine',\n",
              " 'Sunshine North',\n",
              " 'Sunshine West',\n",
              " 'Surrey Hills',\n",
              " 'Sydenham',\n",
              " 'Tarneit',\n",
              " 'Taylors Hill',\n",
              " 'Taylors Lakes',\n",
              " 'Templestowe',\n",
              " 'Templestowe Lower',\n",
              " 'The Basin',\n",
              " 'Thomastown',\n",
              " 'Thornbury',\n",
              " 'Toorak',\n",
              " 'Travancore',\n",
              " 'Truganina',\n",
              " 'Tullamarine',\n",
              " 'Upwey',\n",
              " 'Vermont',\n",
              " 'Vermont South',\n",
              " 'Viewbank',\n",
              " 'Wallan',\n",
              " 'Wantirna',\n",
              " 'Wantirna South',\n",
              " 'Warrandyte',\n",
              " 'Waterways',\n",
              " 'Watsonia',\n",
              " 'Watsonia North',\n",
              " 'Werribee',\n",
              " 'West Footscray',\n",
              " 'West Melbourne',\n",
              " 'Westmeadows',\n",
              " 'Wheelers Hill',\n",
              " 'Whittlesea',\n",
              " 'Williams Landing',\n",
              " 'Williamstown',\n",
              " 'Williamstown North',\n",
              " 'Windsor',\n",
              " 'Wollert',\n",
              " 'Wonga Park',\n",
              " 'Wyndham Vale',\n",
              " 'Yallambie',\n",
              " 'Yarra Glen',\n",
              " 'Yarraville'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 24
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y = df.Price"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "52YIwWwBm31T"
      },
      "execution_count": 25,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df_features = ['Rooms', 'Bathroom', 'Landsize', 'Lattitude', 'Longtitude']"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4oC_j-Swm72b"
      },
      "execution_count": 26,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = df[df_features]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xq1tfuEqnNyX"
      },
      "execution_count": 27,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
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        "id": "AzzM0ks2nRkc",
        "outputId": "45968918-3f8e-4d07-834d-96fb0b444221"
      },
      "execution_count": 28,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "              Rooms      Bathroom       Landsize     Lattitude    Longtitude\n",
              "count  13580.000000  13580.000000   13580.000000  13580.000000  13580.000000\n",
              "mean       2.937997      1.534242     558.416127    -37.809203    144.995216\n",
              "std        0.955748      0.691712    3990.669241      0.079260      0.103916\n",
              "min        1.000000      0.000000       0.000000    -38.182550    144.431810\n",
              "25%        2.000000      1.000000     177.000000    -37.856822    144.929600\n",
              "50%        3.000000      1.000000     440.000000    -37.802355    145.000100\n",
              "75%        3.000000      2.000000     651.000000    -37.756400    145.058305\n",
              "max       10.000000      8.000000  433014.000000    -37.408530    145.526350"
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              "      <th>count</th>\n",
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              "      <td>144.929600</td>\n",
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              "      <th>50%</th>\n",
              "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
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              "      <th>75%</th>\n",
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              "      <td>651.000000</td>\n",
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              "      <td>145.058305</td>\n",
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              "      <td>-37.408530</td>\n",
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            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "dataframe",
              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"x\",\n  \"rows\": 8,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Rooms\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 4800.0995936927475,\n        \"min\": 0.9557479384215886,\n        \"max\": 13580.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          13580.0,\n          2.9379970544919,\n          3.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Bathroom\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 4800.537178629762,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 13580.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          13580.0,\n          1.5342415316642122,\n          2.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Landsize\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 152183.13818043025,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 433014.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8,\n        \"samples\": [\n          558.4161266568483,\n          440.0,\n          13580.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Lattitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 4812.725232173229,\n        \"min\": -38.18255,\n        \"max\": 13580.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8,\n        \"samples\": [\n          -37.80920273343152,\n          -37.802355,\n          13580.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Longtitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 4757.58128051343,\n        \"min\": 0.10391556140737532,\n        \"max\": 13580.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8,\n        \"samples\": [\n          144.99521618777615,\n          145.0001,\n          13580.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
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          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 28
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    {
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      "source": [
        "x"
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      "metadata": {
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        "id": "7FJakwW8p7Li",
        "outputId": "52b9bf0e-0b0e-4a85-ec55-cbb42ab396e2"
      },
      "execution_count": 29,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       Rooms  Bathroom  Landsize  Lattitude  Longtitude\n",
              "0          2       1.0     202.0  -37.79960   144.99840\n",
              "1          2       1.0     156.0  -37.80790   144.99340\n",
              "2          3       2.0     134.0  -37.80930   144.99440\n",
              "3          3       2.0      94.0  -37.79690   144.99690\n",
              "4          4       1.0     120.0  -37.80720   144.99410\n",
              "...      ...       ...       ...        ...         ...\n",
              "13575      4       2.0     652.0  -37.90562   145.16761\n",
              "13576      3       2.0     333.0  -37.85927   144.87904\n",
              "13577      3       2.0     436.0  -37.85274   144.88738\n",
              "13578      4       1.0     866.0  -37.85908   144.89299\n",
              "13579      4       1.0     362.0  -37.81188   144.88449\n",
              "\n",
              "[13580 rows x 5 columns]"
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Rooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>Bathroom</th>\n",
              "      <th>Landsize</th>\n",
              "      <th>Lattitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>Longtitude</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>202.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.79960</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.99840</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>156.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.80790</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.99340</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.80930</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.99440</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.79690</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.99690</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.80720</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.99410</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13575</th>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>652.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.90562</td>\n",
              "      <td>145.16761</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13576</th>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>333.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.85927</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.87904</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13577</th>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>436.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.85274</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.88738</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13578</th>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>866.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.85908</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.89299</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13579</th>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>362.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.81188</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.88449</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>13580 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
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              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
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            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "dataframe",
              "variable_name": "x",
              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"x\",\n  \"rows\": 13580,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Rooms\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0,\n        \"min\": 1,\n        \"max\": 10,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 9,\n        \"samples\": [\n          7,\n          3,\n          5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Bathroom\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.6917117224588418,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 8.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 9,\n        \"samples\": [\n          6.0,\n          2.0,\n          7.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Landsize\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 3990.6692411090344,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 433014.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1448,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3037.0,\n          517.0,\n          59.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Lattitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.07925982260355424,\n        \"min\": -38.18255,\n        \"max\": -37.40853,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 6503,\n        \"samples\": [\n          -37.74192,\n          -37.7828,\n          -37.83015\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Longtitude\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.10391556140737532,\n        \"min\": 144.43181,\n        \"max\": 145.52635,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7063,\n        \"samples\": [\n          144.72492,\n          145.0138,\n          144.9326\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 29
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Building my model"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "AtmWJPkoqyfX"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor\n",
        "\n",
        "# Define model. Specify a number for random_state to ensure same results each run\n",
        "melbourne_model = DecisionTreeRegressor(random_state=1)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Fit model\n",
        "melbourne_model.fit(x, y)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 80
        },
        "id": "Dh8e8l-MqE9z",
        "outputId": "827e842c-3bed-499f-a146-3e4ce37e2e22"
      },
      "execution_count": 30,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "DecisionTreeRegressor(random_state=1)"
            ],
            "text/html": [
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              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
              "  border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
              "  margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
              "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
              "  padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-container {\n",
              "  /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
              "     but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
              "     so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
              "     default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
              "     See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
              "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
              "  position: relative;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
              "  display: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
              "div.sk-serial,\n",
              "div.sk-item {\n",
              "  /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
              "  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
              "  background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
              "  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
              "  background-position: center center;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
              "  content: \"\";\n",
              "  width: 100%;\n",
              "  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
              "  flex-grow: 1;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel {\n",
              "  display: flex;\n",
              "  align-items: stretch;\n",
              "  justify-content: center;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  position: relative;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
              "  display: flex;\n",
              "  flex-direction: column;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
              "  align-self: flex-end;\n",
              "  width: 50%;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
              "  align-self: flex-start;\n",
              "  width: 50%;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
              "  width: 0;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-serial {\n",
              "  display: flex;\n",
              "  flex-direction: column;\n",
              "  align-items: center;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  padding-right: 1em;\n",
              "  padding-left: 1em;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
              "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
              "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
              "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
              "*/\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
              "  /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
              "  specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Toggleable label */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  cursor: pointer;\n",
              "  display: block;\n",
              "  width: 100%;\n",
              "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
              "  padding: 0.5em;\n",
              "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
              "  text-align: center;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
              "  /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
              "  content: \"▸\";\n",
              "  float: left;\n",
              "  margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
              "  max-height: 0;\n",
              "  max-width: 0;\n",
              "  overflow: hidden;\n",
              "  text-align: left;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
              "  margin: 0.2em;\n",
              "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
              "  /* Expand drop-down */\n",
              "  max-height: 200px;\n",
              "  max-width: 100%;\n",
              "  overflow: auto;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
              "  content: \"▾\";\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label {\n",
              "  /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Estimator label */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label {\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  font-weight: bold;\n",
              "  display: inline-block;\n",
              "  line-height: 1.2em;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label-container {\n",
              "  text-align: center;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator {\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
              "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
              "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
              "  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* on hover */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
              "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
              "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
              "  float: right;\n",
              "  font-size: smaller;\n",
              "  line-height: 1em;\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  border-radius: 1em;\n",
              "  height: 1em;\n",
              "  width: 1em;\n",
              "  text-decoration: none !important;\n",
              "  margin-left: 1ex;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
              "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
              "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* On hover */\n",
              "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
              "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
              "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
              "  display: none;\n",
              "  z-index: 9999;\n",
              "  position: relative;\n",
              "  font-weight: normal;\n",
              "  right: .2ex;\n",
              "  padding: .5ex;\n",
              "  margin: .5ex;\n",
              "  width: min-content;\n",
              "  min-width: 20ex;\n",
              "  max-width: 50ex;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "  border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
              "  display: block;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
              "  float: right;\n",
              "  font-size: 1rem;\n",
              "  line-height: 1em;\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  border-radius: 1rem;\n",
              "  height: 1rem;\n",
              "  width: 1rem;\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* On hover */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
              "}\n",
              "</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-2\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>DecisionTreeRegressor(random_state=1)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\">&nbsp;&nbsp;DecisionTreeRegressor<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.5/modules/generated/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeRegressor.html\">?<span>Documentation for DecisionTreeRegressor</span></a><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>DecisionTreeRegressor(random_state=1)</pre></div> </div></div></div></div>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 30
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(\"Making predictions for the following 5 houses:\")\n",
        "print(x.head())\n",
        "print(\"The predictions are\")\n",
        "print(melbourne_model.predict(x.head()))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "rqQv9mx_rnga",
        "outputId": "0badef78-984c-44be-d1a3-791bfb017ab0"
      },
      "execution_count": 31,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Making predictions for the following 5 houses:\n",
            "   Rooms  Bathroom  Landsize  Lattitude  Longtitude\n",
            "0      2       1.0     202.0   -37.7996    144.9984\n",
            "1      2       1.0     156.0   -37.8079    144.9934\n",
            "2      3       2.0     134.0   -37.8093    144.9944\n",
            "3      3       2.0      94.0   -37.7969    144.9969\n",
            "4      4       1.0     120.0   -37.8072    144.9941\n",
            "The predictions are\n",
            "[1480000. 1035000. 1465000.  850000. 1600000.]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error\n",
        "\n",
        "predicted_home_prices = melbourne_model.predict(x)\n",
        "mean_absolute_error(y, predicted_home_prices)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "W_OywKQbDvjj",
        "outputId": "e1b90d5f-e516-4531-89c6-2ac207903512"
      },
      "execution_count": 32,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1125.1804614629357"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 32
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=0)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FPlfwNRKyQA0"
      },
      "execution_count": 33,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "model=DecisionTreeRegressor()\n",
        "model.fit(x_train,y_train)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 80
        },
        "id": "Fcdw2lB5z2b-",
        "outputId": "44abce9c-35c5-47c0-f02d-f85a12270f13"
      },
      "execution_count": 34,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "DecisionTreeRegressor()"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "<style>#sk-container-id-3 {\n",
              "  /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-text: black;\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
              "  /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
              "  /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
              "\n",
              "  /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
              "  --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
              "\n",
              "  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
              "    /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
              "    --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
              "    --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
              "    --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
              "    --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 pre {\n",
              "  padding: 0;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
              "  border: 0;\n",
              "  clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
              "  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
              "  height: 1px;\n",
              "  margin: -1px;\n",
              "  overflow: hidden;\n",
              "  padding: 0;\n",
              "  position: absolute;\n",
              "  width: 1px;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
              "  border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
              "  margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
              "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
              "  padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-container {\n",
              "  /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
              "     but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
              "     so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
              "     default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
              "     See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
              "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
              "  position: relative;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
              "  display: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
              "div.sk-serial,\n",
              "div.sk-item {\n",
              "  /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
              "  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
              "  background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
              "  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
              "  background-position: center center;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
              "  content: \"\";\n",
              "  width: 100%;\n",
              "  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
              "  flex-grow: 1;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel {\n",
              "  display: flex;\n",
              "  align-items: stretch;\n",
              "  justify-content: center;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  position: relative;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
              "  display: flex;\n",
              "  flex-direction: column;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
              "  align-self: flex-end;\n",
              "  width: 50%;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
              "  align-self: flex-start;\n",
              "  width: 50%;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
              "  width: 0;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-serial {\n",
              "  display: flex;\n",
              "  flex-direction: column;\n",
              "  align-items: center;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  padding-right: 1em;\n",
              "  padding-left: 1em;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
              "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
              "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
              "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
              "*/\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
              "  /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
              "  specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Toggleable label */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  cursor: pointer;\n",
              "  display: block;\n",
              "  width: 100%;\n",
              "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
              "  padding: 0.5em;\n",
              "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
              "  text-align: center;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
              "  /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
              "  content: \"▸\";\n",
              "  float: left;\n",
              "  margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
              "  max-height: 0;\n",
              "  max-width: 0;\n",
              "  overflow: hidden;\n",
              "  text-align: left;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
              "  margin: 0.2em;\n",
              "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
              "  /* Expand drop-down */\n",
              "  max-height: 200px;\n",
              "  max-width: 100%;\n",
              "  overflow: auto;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
              "  content: \"▾\";\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label label {\n",
              "  /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Estimator label */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label label {\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  font-weight: bold;\n",
              "  display: inline-block;\n",
              "  line-height: 1.2em;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label-container {\n",
              "  text-align: center;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator {\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
              "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
              "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
              "  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* on hover */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
              "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
              "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
              "  float: right;\n",
              "  font-size: smaller;\n",
              "  line-height: 1em;\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  border-radius: 1em;\n",
              "  height: 1em;\n",
              "  width: 1em;\n",
              "  text-decoration: none !important;\n",
              "  margin-left: 1ex;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
              "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
              "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* On hover */\n",
              "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
              "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
              "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
              "  display: none;\n",
              "  z-index: 9999;\n",
              "  position: relative;\n",
              "  font-weight: normal;\n",
              "  right: .2ex;\n",
              "  padding: .5ex;\n",
              "  margin: .5ex;\n",
              "  width: min-content;\n",
              "  min-width: 20ex;\n",
              "  max-width: 50ex;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
              "  box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
              "  border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
              "  display: block;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
              "  float: right;\n",
              "  font-size: 1rem;\n",
              "  line-height: 1em;\n",
              "  font-family: monospace;\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  border-radius: 1rem;\n",
              "  height: 1rem;\n",
              "  width: 1rem;\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/* On hover */\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
              "  /* unfitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
              "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
              "  text-decoration: none;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
              "  /* fitted */\n",
              "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
              "}\n",
              "</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-3\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>DecisionTreeRegressor()</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\">&nbsp;&nbsp;DecisionTreeRegressor<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.5/modules/generated/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeRegressor.html\">?<span>Documentation for DecisionTreeRegressor</span></a><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>DecisionTreeRegressor()</pre></div> </div></div></div></div>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 34
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# def get_mae(max_leaf_nodes, x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test):\n",
        "    model = DecisionTreeRegressor(max_leaf_nodes=max_leaf_nodes, random_state=0)\n",
        "    model.fit(x_train, y_train)\n",
        "    preds_val = model.predict(x_test)\n",
        "    mae = mean_absolute_error(y_test, preds_val)\n",
        "    return(mae)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wQUf3S9B0XiC"
      },
      "execution_count": 39,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "for max_leaf_nodes in [5, 500, 5000]:\n",
        "    my_mae = get_mae(max_leaf_nodes, x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test)\n",
        "    print(max_leaf_nodes,\"\",my_mae)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "oD9jJ9iv0lAK",
        "outputId": "987ac94f-5002-4a45-f1c1-a991f293c819"
      },
      "execution_count": 42,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "5  348049.8170360305\n",
            "500  222263.82071480018\n",
            "5000  241904.3956672565\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 377
        },
        "id": "VSUfV40T1O10",
        "outputId": "ed3ae5ba-7cbf-460a-e7a2-108ce3dd0f39"
      },
      "execution_count": 43,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "       Suburb           Address  Rooms Type      Price Method SellerG  \\\n",
              "0  Abbotsford      85 Turner St      2    h  1480000.0      S  Biggin   \n",
              "1  Abbotsford   25 Bloomburg St      2    h  1035000.0      S  Biggin   \n",
              "2  Abbotsford      5 Charles St      3    h  1465000.0     SP  Biggin   \n",
              "3  Abbotsford  40 Federation La      3    h   850000.0     PI  Biggin   \n",
              "4  Abbotsford       55a Park St      4    h  1600000.0     VB  Nelson   \n",
              "\n",
              "        Date  Distance  Postcode  ...  Bathroom  Car  Landsize  BuildingArea  \\\n",
              "0  3/12/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  1.0     202.0           NaN   \n",
              "1  4/02/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  0.0     156.0          79.0   \n",
              "2  4/03/2017       2.5    3067.0  ...       2.0  0.0     134.0         150.0   \n",
              "3  4/03/2017       2.5    3067.0  ...       2.0  1.0      94.0           NaN   \n",
              "4  4/06/2016       2.5    3067.0  ...       1.0  2.0     120.0         142.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   YearBuilt  CouncilArea Lattitude  Longtitude             Regionname  \\\n",
              "0        NaN        Yarra  -37.7996    144.9984  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "1     1900.0        Yarra  -37.8079    144.9934  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "2     1900.0        Yarra  -37.8093    144.9944  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "3        NaN        Yarra  -37.7969    144.9969  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "4     2014.0        Yarra  -37.8072    144.9941  Northern Metropolitan   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Propertycount  \n",
              "0        4019.0  \n",
              "1        4019.0  \n",
              "2        4019.0  \n",
              "3        4019.0  \n",
              "4        4019.0  \n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 21 columns]"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-aa35fa17-f818-479f-8613-8f18132963f5\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Suburb</th>\n",
              "      <th>Address</th>\n",
              "      <th>Rooms</th>\n",
              "      <th>Type</th>\n",
              "      <th>Price</th>\n",
              "      <th>Method</th>\n",
              "      <th>SellerG</th>\n",
              "      <th>Date</th>\n",
              "      <th>Distance</th>\n",
              "      <th>Postcode</th>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <th>Bathroom</th>\n",
              "      <th>Car</th>\n",
              "      <th>Landsize</th>\n",
              "      <th>BuildingArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>YearBuilt</th>\n",
              "      <th>CouncilArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>Lattitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>Longtitude</th>\n",
              "      <th>Regionname</th>\n",
              "      <th>Propertycount</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>85 Turner St</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1480000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>S</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>3/12/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>202.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.7996</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9984</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>25 Bloomburg St</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1035000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>S</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/02/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>156.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1900.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.8079</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9934</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>5 Charles St</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1465000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>SP</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/03/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>150.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1900.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.8093</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9944</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>40 Federation La</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>PI</td>\n",
              "      <td>Biggin</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/03/2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.7969</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9969</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Abbotsford</td>\n",
              "      <td>55a Park St</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>h</td>\n",
              "      <td>1600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>VB</td>\n",
              "      <td>Nelson</td>\n",
              "      <td>4/06/2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3067.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>142.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Yarra</td>\n",
              "      <td>-37.8072</td>\n",
              "      <td>144.9941</td>\n",
              "      <td>Northern Metropolitan</td>\n",
              "      <td>4019.0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>5 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-aa35fa17-f818-479f-8613-8f18132963f5')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-aa35fa17-f818-479f-8613-8f18132963f5 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-aa35fa17-f818-479f-8613-8f18132963f5');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-7ac35362-936e-4d13-8ca1-4d69003e9db7\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-7ac35362-936e-4d13-8ca1-4d69003e9db7')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-7ac35362-936e-4d13-8ca1-4d69003e9db7 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "dataframe",
              "variable_name": "df"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 43
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
        "\n",
        "# split data into training and validation data, for both features and target\n",
        "# The split is based on a random number generator. Supplying a numeric value to\n",
        "# the random_state argument guarantees we get the same split every time we\n",
        "# run this script.\n",
        "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=0)\n",
        "# Define model\n",
        "melbourne_model = DecisionTreeRegressor()\n",
        "# Fit model\n",
        "melbourne_model.fit(X_train, y_train)\n",
        "\n",
        "# get predicted prices on validation data\n",
        "val_predictions = melbourne_model.predict(X_test)\n",
        "mae = mean_absolute_error(y_test, val_predictions)\n",
        "print(mae)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "xW1lB-yWEYEJ",
        "outputId": "16ad20d2-1937-4c8a-a0cb-d7c2df1de5e5"
      },
      "execution_count": 18,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "242163.32277859596\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "za0bJ27xqvmr"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, r2_score\n",
        "\n",
        "# Calculate the Mean Squared Error (MSE)\n",
        "mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, val_predictions)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Calculate the R-squared (R2) score\n",
        "r2 = r2_score(y_test, val_predictions)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Print the evaluation metrics\n",
        "print(f\"Mean Squared Error (MSE): {mse}\")\n",
        "print(f\"R-squared (R2): {r2}\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Rrww7GX2aZw1",
        "outputId": "a4d3684d-a7e4-4ccf-c5ce-1ae48987075c",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "execution_count": 19,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Mean Squared Error (MSE): 157188849997.22098\n",
            "R-squared (R2): 0.6022187443233673\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}